References
ATSDR (Agency for toxic substances and disease registry) (1989) Toxicological profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. USPHS. December.
Guy RH, Maibach HI (1989) Calculations of body exposure from percutaneous absorption data. In: Bronaugh RL, Maibach HI (eds) Percutaneous Absorption, 2d ed M. Dekker, New York, p 393
Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (eds) (1991) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Academic Press, Inc., N.Y.
Hayes WJ Jr, Funckes AJ, Hartwell WV (1964) Dermal exposure of human volunteers to parathion. Arch Environ Health 8: 829–833
Hussain M, Yoshida K, Atiemo M, Johnston D (1990) Occupational exposure of grain farmers to carbofuran Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19: 197–204
Kazen C, Bloomer A, Welch R, Oudbier A, Price H (1974) Persistence of pesticides on the hands of some occupationally exposed people. Arch Environ Health 29: 315–318
Magnotti RA, Dowling K, Eberly JP, McConnell RS (1988) Field measurement of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterases. Clin Chim Acta 315: 315–332
McConnell R, Cedillo L, Keifer M, Palomo MR Monitoring organophosphate insecticide exposed workers for cholinesterase depression: new technology for office or field use. J Occup Med, in press.
Rider JA, Puletti EJ (1969) Studies on the anticholinesterase effects of gardona, methyl parathion, and guthion in human subjects. Fed Proc 28:479
Rider JA, Swader JI, Puletti EJ (1970) Methyl parathion and guthion anticholinesterase effects in human subjects. Fed Proc 29: 349
Rider JA, Swader JI, Puletti EJ (1971) Anticholinesterase toxicity studies with methyl parathion, guthion and phosdrin in human subjects. Fed Proc 30:443
Spear RC, Popendorf WJ, Leffingwell JT, Milby TH, Davies JE, Spencer WF (1977) Fieldworkers' response to weathered residues of parathion. J Occup Med 19: 406–410
Ware GW, Morgan DP, Estesen BJ, Cahill WP (1975) Establishment of reentry intervals for organophosphate-treated cotton fields based on human data: III. 12 to 72 hours post-treatment exposure to monocrotophos, ethyl- and methyl-parathion. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 3: 289–306
Wester RC, Maibach HI (1985) In vivo percutaneous absorption and decontamination of pesticides in humans. J Toxic Environ Health 16: 25–37
Wester RC, Maibach HI (1989a) Dermal decontamination and percutaneous absorption. Chapter 20 In: Bronaugh RL, Maibach HI (eds) Percutaneous absorption, 2d ed M. Dekker, New York
Wester RC, Maibach HI. (1989b) Regional variation in percutaneous absorption. Chapter 11 In: Bronaugh RL, Maibach HI (eds) Percutaneous absorption, 2d ed M. Dekker, New York
WHO (1986) Organophosphorous insecticides: a general introduction. Environmental Health Criteria 63, Geneva, p 37
Wolfe HR, Durham WF, Armstrong JF (1967) Exposure of workers to pesticides. Arch Environ Health 14: 622–633
Wolff MS (1984) Analysis of skin lipids for halogenated hydrocarbons. Anal Chem 56: 1492–1496
Wolff MS, Herbert R, Marcus M, Rivera M, Landrigan PJ, Andrews LR (1989) PAH residues on skin in relation to air levels among roofers. Arch Environ Health 44: 157–163
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wolff, M.S., McConnell, R., Cedillo, L. et al. Dermal levels of methyl-parathion, organochlorine pesticides, and acetylcholinesterase among formulators. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 48, 671–678 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195986
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00195986