References
Bergerud AT, Peters SS, McGrath R (1963) Determining sex and age of willow ptarmigan in Newfoundland. J Wildl Manage 27:700–711
Braune BM, Gaskin DE (1987) A mercury budget for the Bonaparte's gull during autumn moult. Ornis Scand 18:244–250
Cain BW, Sileo L, Franson JC, Moore J (1983) Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings. Environ Res 32:286–297
Eisler R (1985) Cadmium hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. US Fish Wildl Serv Biol Rep 85 (1.2)
Fimreite N, Barth EK, Munkejord Aa (1990) Cadmium and selenium levels in tetraonids from selected areas in Norway. Fauna Norv Ser C Cinclus 13:79–84
Flick DF, Kraybill HF, Dimitroff JM (1971) Toxic effects of cadmium: a review. Environ Res 4:71–85
Frøslie A, Haugen A, Holt G, Nordheim G (1986) Levels of cadmium in liver and kidneys from Norwegian cervides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 37:453–460
Furness R, Hutton M (1979) Pollutant levels in the great skua Catharacta Skua. Environ Pollut 19:261–268
Heinz GH, Haseltine SD, Sileo L (1983) Altered avoidance behavior of young black ducks fed cadmium. Environ Toxicol Chem 2:419–421
Lock JW, Thompson DR, Furness RW, Bartle JA (1992) Metal concentrations in seabirds of the New Zealand region. Environ Pollut 75:289–300
Nicholson JK (1981) The comparative distribution of zinc, cadmium and mercury in selected tissues of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Comp Biochem Physiol 68C:91–94
NRCC (1979) Effects of cadmium in the Canadian environment. Nat Res Council Can No 18475, Ottawa
Richardson ME, Fox MRS, Fry Jr BF (1974) Pathological changes produced in Japanese quail by ingestion of cadmium. J Nutr 104:323–338
Sarkar AK and Mondal R (1973) Injurious effect of cadmium on testis of domestic pigeon and its prevention by zinc. Indian J Exp Biol 11:108–109
Scanion PF (1982) Wet and dry relationships of mallard (Anas platvrhvnchos) tissues. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 29:615–617
Steinnes E (1987) Impact of long-range atmospheric transport of heavy metals to the terrestrial environment in Norway. In: Hutchinson TC, Meema KK (eds) Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment. Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 107–117
Steinnes E, Solberg W, Petersen HM, Wren CD (1989) Heavy metal pollution by long range atmospheric transport in natural soils of Southern Norway. Water Air Soil Pollut 45:207–218
Walsh PM (1990) The use of seabirds as monitors of heavy metals in the marine environment. In: Furness BW, Rainbow PS (eds) Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 183–204
Wren CD (1983) Literature review of the occurrence and toxicity of metals in wild mammals. Can Wildlife Serv Ref no KN107-2-4609
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pedersen, H.C., Myklebust, I. Age-dependent accumulation of cadmium and zinc in the liver and kidneys of Norwegian willow ptarmigan. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 51, 381–388 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201756
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201756