Summary
A calcified chronic subdural hematoma may cover the surface of the cerebral hemispheres to such an extent that one can talk of an “armored brain”. Pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment are discussed based on the computed tomograms of five cases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afra D (1961) Ossification of subdural hematoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 18: 393–397
Albrecht K, Dressler W (1955) Über serienangiographische Besonderheiten beim subduralen Hämatom. RÖFO 83: 316–323
Allen AM, Moore M, Daly BB (1940) Subdural hemorrhage in patients with mental disease. A statistical study. N Engl J Med 223: 324–329
Bahadir AR, Marx P (1967) Zur Kasuistik verkalkter und ossifizierter subduraler Hämatome. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 10: 224–228
Becker DP, Nulsen FE (1968) Control of hydrocephalus by valve-regulated venous shunts. Avoidance of complications in prolonged shunt maintainance. J Neurosurg 28: 215–226
Birkner R, Lagemann K (1966) Ausgedehnte Verkalkungen bei Pachymeningitis haemorrhagica interna und Haematoma subdurale. Über einen Fall von “Panzerhirn”. RÖFO 105: 377–381
Boyd DA, Merrell JP (1943) Calcified subdural hematoma. J Nerv Ment Dis 98: 609–617
Chusid JG, de Gutiérrez-Mahoney CG (1953) Ossifying subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg 10: 430–434
Dandy WE (1955) Chronic subdural hydroma. In: Lewis D (ed) Practice of surgery, Chapter 12. Prior, Hagerstown, MD, p 291
Debois V, Combelles G, Dhellemes P, Bousquet C, Jomin M (1978) L'hématome sous-dural chronique de l'adulte. A propos de 120 observations. Lille Med 23: 522
Debois V, Lombaert A (1980) Calcified chronic subdural hematoma. Surg Neurol 14: 455–458
Decker K, Hipp E (1955) Spätveränderungen nach kindlichen Subduralblutungen. RÖFO 81: 375–382
Dyke CG, Davidoff LM (1938) Chronic subdural hematoma. A roentgenographic and pneumencephalographic study. Bull Neurol Inst NY 7: 112–147
Foltz EL, Shurtleff DB (1963) Five-year comparative study of hydrocephalus in children with and without operation (113 cases). J Neurosurg 20: 1064–1079
Friede RL (1971) Incidence and distribution of neomembranes of dura mater. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 34: 439–446
Friede RL (1975) Developmental neuropathology. Springer, Wien New York
Goldhahn R (1930) Über ein großes, operativ entferntes, verkalktes, intrakranielles Hämatom. Dtsch Z Chir 224: 323–331
Goodman JM, Mealey J Jr (1969) Postmeningitic subdural effusions: the syndrome and its management. J Neurosurg 30: 658–663
Granata F, Graziussi G, de Carlo C, Avella F, Fucci G (1977) Calcified chronic subdural hematoma. A case report. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 32: 340
Harwood-Nash DC (1973) Craniocerebral trauma in children. Curr Probl Radiol 3: 1
Harwood-Nash DC, Fitz CR (1976) Neuroradiology in infants and children. Mosby, St Louis
Heppner F (1960) Zur Radiographie des chronischen, juvenilen Subduralhämatoms: typische und abweichende Befunde. RÖFO 92: 138–146
Illingworth RD (1970) Subdural haematoma after the treatment of chronic hydrocephalus by ventriculo-caval shunts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33: 95–99
Ingraham FD, Matson DD (1944) Subdural hematoma in infancy. J Pediatr 24: 1–37
Lang E (1943) über einen operierten Fall eines verknöcherten subduralen Hämatoms traumatischen Ursprungs. Zentralbl Neurochir 7: 193–202
Lin JP, May N, Naidich TP (1977) Computed tomography in the postoperative care of neurosurgical patients. Neuroradiology 12: 185–189
Lindgren E (1942) Zur Röntgendiagnostik des Subduralhämatoms. Acta Radiol 23: 368–372
Lombardi G (1954) Déformations craniennes par hématoma sous-dural chronique et par hydrome. J Radiol 35: 854–857
Ludwig B, Nix W, Lanksch W (1981) Computertomographie des “Panzerhirns”. 17.Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neuroradiologie. Tuebingen, 8.-10.10. 1981
Mansuy L, Girard PF, Boucher M, Tête R (1964) Les hématomes sous-duraux calcifiés. A propos d'une observation d'hématome calcifié pré-frontal bilatérale. Rev Neurol (Paris) 111: 5
McKay RJ, Morisette RA, Ingraham FD, Matson DD (1950) Collections of subdural fluid complicating meningitis due to hemophilus influenzae (Type B). N Engl J Med 242: 20–21
McLaurin RL, McLaurin KS (1966) Calcified subdural hematomas in childhood. J Neurosurg 24: 648–655
Mosberg WH Jr, Smith GW (1952) Calcified solid subdural hematoma. Review of literature and report of an unusual case. J Nerv Ment Dis 115: 163–173
Naidich TP, Epstein F, Lin JP, Kricheff II, Hochwald GM (1976) Evaluation of pediatric hydrocephalus by computed tomography. Radiology 119: 337–345
Palmieri A, Menichelli F, Pasquini U, Salvolini U (1978) Role of computed tomography in the postoperative evaluation of infantile hydrocephalus. Neuroradiology 14: 257–262
von Rokitansky C (1844) Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie, Bd2. Braunmueller und Seidel, Wien, p 717
Samuelson S, Long DM, Chou SN (1972) Subdural haematoma as a complication of shunting procedures for normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 37: 548–551
Schellinger D, McCullough DC, Pederson RT (1980) Computed tomography in the hydrocephalic patient after shunting. Radiology 137: 693–704
Schüller A (1935) Haematoma durae matris ossificans. RÖFO 51: 119–124
Smith ES (1954) Purulent meningitis in infants and children. A review of 409 cases. J Pediatr 45: 425–436
Tvete S, Larsen JL (1978) Intracranial calcifications due to chronic subdural haematoma in children with ventriculo-atrial shunt. Report of two cases. RÖFO 129: 506–507
Vincent C (1934) A propos des hématomes sous-duraux et de la pachyméningite hémorragique. Rev Neurol 2: 107–113
von Virchow R (1856) Das Haematom der Dura mater. Verh Physiol Med Ges (Würzburg) 7: 134
Waga S, Sakakura M, Fujimoto K (1979) Calcified subdural hematoma in the elderly. Surg Neurol 11: 51
Watts C (1976) The management of intracranial calcified subdural hematomas. Surg Neurol 6: 247
Wertheimer P, Dechaume J (1949) Les hématomes sous-duraux calcifiés. Acta Psychiatr Scand 24: 731–742
Wickbom J (1949) Angiography by post-traumatic intracranial haemorrhages. Acta Radiol 32: 249–258
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ludwig, B., Nix, W. & Lanksch, W. Computed tomography of the “armored brain”. Neuroradiology 25, 39–43 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327479
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327479