Aerobic and anaerobic contribution to Wingate test performance in sprint and middle-distance runners

Abstract

We investigated the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to performance during the Wingate test in sprint and middle-distance runners and whether they were related to the peak aerobic and anaerobic performances determined by two commonly used tests: the force-velocity test and an incremental aerobic exercise test. A group of 14 male competitive runners participated: 7 sprinters, aged 20.7 (SEM 1.3) years, competing in 50, 100 and 200-m events and 7 middle-distance runners, aged 20.0 (SEM 1.0) years, competing in 800, 1,000 and 1,500 m-events. The oxygen uptake ($\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$) was recorded breath-by-breath during the test (30 s) and during the first 20 s of recovery. Blood samples for venous plasma lactate concentrations were drawn at rest before the start of the test and during the 20-min recovery period. During the Wingate test mean power ($\dot W$) was determined and three values of mechanical efficiency, one individual and two arbitrary, 16% and 25%, were used to calculate the contributions of work by aerobic ($\dot W$ _{aer,ind,16%,25%}) and anaerobic ($\dot W$ _{an,ind,16%,25%}) processes. Peak anaerobic power ($\dot W$ _an,peak) was estimated by the force-velocity test and maximal aerobic energy expenditure ($\dot W$ _aer,peak) was determined during an incremental aerobic exercise test. During the Wingate test, the middle-distance runners had a significantly greater$\dot V{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ than the sprinters (P < 0.001), who had significantly greater venous plasma lactate concentrations (P < 0.001). Moreover,$\dot W$ _{aer,ind,16%,25%} were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the middle-distance runners [$\dot W$ _aer,ind 45 (SEM 4) % vs 28 (SEM 2) %;$\dot W$ _aer,16% 30 (SEM 3) % vs 19 (SEM 2) %;$\dot W$ _aer,25% 46 (SEM 3) % vs 29 (SEM 2)%];$\dot W$ _{an,ind,16%,25%} in the sprint runners (P < 0.05) [$\dot W$ _an,ind 72 (SEM 3) % vs 55 (SEM 4) %;$\dot W$ _an,16% 81 (SEM 2) % vs 70 (SEM 3) %;$\dot W$ _an,25% 71 (SEM 2) % vs 54 (SEM 3) %]. The$\dot W$ _aer,ind/$\dot W$ _aer,peak and$\dot W$ ×$\dot W$ _an,ind/$\dot W$ _an,peak ratios, however, were not significantly different between the two groups of athletes. These results would indicate that the sprinters and middle-distance runners used preferentially a metabolic system according to their speciality. Nevertheless, under the conditions of its experiment, they seemed to rely on the same percentage of both peak anaerobic and peak aerobic performance for a given exercise task.