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Injury-related variation in patient-reported outcome after musculoskeletal trauma: a systematic review

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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore injury-related characteristics that differentiate between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following traumatic musculoskeletal injury.

Methods

We reviewed English-language articles in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (January 1995 to September 2018). We included studies that compared patient-reported outcomes of musculoskeletal trauma based on injury characteristics, and excluded studies related to development or validation of outcome tools without implementation, measurement, or comparison. Studies on patients with isolated neurotrauma or spine trauma were not included. Study level of evidence was assessed by 2 reviewers using the modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine rating system.

Results

A total of 20 studies (21 articles) that reported on a total of 10,186 patients were included (4 were prospective cohort-studies, 8 were matched-control retrospective cohort-studies, and 8 were retrospective cohort-studies). Median minimum follow-up was 3 years (range 0.5–10 years). Injury-related factors associated with worse PROs were polytrauma or multiple injuries (10 studies), neurotrauma (11 studies), and high-energy injury mechanism (7 studies). Among all studies, 32 different outcome metrics were used (17 general health status metrics and 15 limb-specific metrics) making meta-analysis infeasible.

Conclusions

Based on the included studies, we propose a framework where musculoskeletal injuries occur in one of 4 scenarios that is associated with a different context-dependent outcome: (1) polytrauma with neurotrauma, (2) polytrauma without neurotrauma, (3) high-energy monotrauma, and (4) low-energy monotrauma. Our results suggest that standardization of outcome instruments is needed to facilitate future meta-analyses that assess PROs in this population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA

    Abhiram R. Bhashyam

  2. Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Quirine M. J. van der Vliet, Yassine Ochen, Luke P. H. Leenen, Falco Hietbrink & Roderick M. Houwert

  3. Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Orthopaedic Trauma Initiative, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA

    Marilyn Heng

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  1. Abhiram R. Bhashyam
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Correspondence to Abhiram R. Bhashyam or Marilyn Heng.

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Bhashyam, A.R., van der Vliet, Q.M.J., Ochen, Y. et al. Injury-related variation in patient-reported outcome after musculoskeletal trauma: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 46, 777–787 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-019-01261-8

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