Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hormone und Haarwachstum

Hormones and hair growth

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Hautarzt Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Androgenen und androgenetischer Alopezie (AGA) sowie Hirsutismus ist gut bekannt. Entsprechend wurden erfolgreiche Therapien entwickelt, die in den Androgenmetabolismus eingreifen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Hormonen und Haarwachstum ist aufgrund klinischer Beobachtungen auch für Hormone jenseits des Androgenhorizontes erkennbar: Östrogen, Prolaktin, Thyroxin, Kortison, Wachstumshormon (GH), Melatonin. Bei der primären GH-Resistenz besteht dünnes Haar, umgekehrt verursacht Akromegalie Hypertrichose. Hyperprolaktinämie kann zu Haarausfall und Hirsutismus führen. Eine Teilsynchronisierung des Haarzyklus in Anagen während der Spätschwangerschaft weist auf die Östrogenwirkung hin, Aromatasehemmer führen umgekehrt zu Haarausfall. Effluvium im Kausalzusammenhang mit Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen ist gut belegt. Die senile Involutionsalopezie betrifft im Unterschied zur AGA die Haare diffus. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die den Hormontherapien im Rahmen der Anti-Aging-Medizin zugrunde liegende Hypothese des Kausalzusammenhangs zwischen der altersassoziierten Reduktion zirkulierender Hormone und einer Funktionseinbuße auch für die Haare gilt.

Abstract

With respect to the relationship between hormones and hair growth, the role of androgens for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and hirsutism is best acknowledged. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies that intervene in androgen metabolism have been successfully developed for treatment of these conditions. Clinical observations of hair conditions involving hormones beyond the androgen horizon have determined their role in regulation of hair growth: estrogens, prolactin, thyroid hormone, cortisone, growth hormone (GH), and melatonin. Primary GH resistance is characterized by thin hair, while acromegaly may cause hypertrichosis. Hyperprolactinemia may cause hair loss and hirsutism. Partial synchronization of the hair cycle in anagen during late pregnancy points to an estrogen effect, while aromatase inhibitors cause hair loss. Hair loss in a causal relationship to thyroid disorders is well documented. In contrast to AGA, senescent alopecia affects the hair in a diffuse manner. The question arises, whether the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between the age-related reduction of circulating hormones and organ function also applies to hair and the aging of hair.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5

Literatur

  1. Bahta AW, Farjo N, Farjo B, Philpott MP (2008) Premature senescence of balding dermal papilla cells in vitro is associated with p16(INK4a) expression. J Invest Dermatol 128:1088–1094

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bangha E, Elsner P, Kistler GS (1997) Suppression of UV-induced erythema by topical treatment with melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Influence of the application time point. Dermatology 195:248–252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Billoni N, Buan B, Gautier B et al (2000) Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is expressed in human hair follicle. Br J Dermatol 142:645–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Blume-Peytavi U, Kunte C, Krisp A et al (2007) Comparison of the efficacy and safety of topical minoxidil and topical alfatradiol in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 5:391–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bodó E, Kromminga A, Bíró T et al (2009) Human female hair follicles are a direct, nonclassical target for thyroid-stimulating hormone. J Invest Dermatol 129:1126–1139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Conrad F, Paus R (2004) Östrogene und der Haarfollikel. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2:412–423

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fischer TW, Burmeister G, Schmidt HW, Elsner P (2004) Melatonin increases anagen hair rate in women with androgenetic alopecia or diffuse alopecia: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 150:341–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Guy WB, Edmundson WF (1960) Diffuse cyclic hair loss in women. Arch Dermatol 81:205–227

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hamilton JB (1942) Male hormone stimulation is prerequisite and an incitement in common baldness. Am J Anat 71:451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hoffman R (2004) Androgenetische Alopezie. Hautarzt 55:89–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Imperato-McGinnley J, Guerrero L, Gautier T et al (1974) Steroid 5α-reductase deficiency in man: an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism. Science 1213–1215

  12. Itami S, Inui S (2005) Role of androgen in mesenchymal epithelial interactions in human hair follicle. J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc 10:209–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Li JJ, Mitchell LH, Dow RL (2010) Thyroid receptor agonists for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20:306–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lurie R, Ben-Amitai D, Laron Z (2004) Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity): a unique model to explore the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency on human hair. Dermatology 208:314–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mirmirani P, Karnik P (2010) Comparative gene expression profiling of senescent and androgenetic alopecia using microarray analysis. In: Trüeb RM, Tobin DJ (Hrsg) Aging hair. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo (im Druck)

  16. Moltz L (1988) Hormonale Diagnostik der sog. androgenetischen Alopezie der Frau. Geburtsh Frauenheil 48:203–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. OrfanosCE, Hertel H (1988) Haarwachstumsstörungen bei Hyperprolaktinämie. Z Hautkr 63:23–26

    Google Scholar 

  18. Orme S, Cullen DR, Messenger AG (1999) Diffuse female hair loss: are androgens necessary? Br J Dermatol 141:521–523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Paus R (1996) Control of the hair cycle and hair diseases as cycling disorders. Curr Opin Dermatol 3:248–258

    Google Scholar 

  20. Paus R, Müller-Röver S, Botchkarev VA (1999) Chronobiology of the hair follicle: hunting the „hair cycle clock“. Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4:338–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Price VH, Roberts JL, Hordinsky M et al (2000) Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 43:768–776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Rushton DH, Ramsay ID, James KC et al (1990) Biochemical and trichological characterization of diffuse alopecia in women. Br J Dermatol 123:187–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sawaya ME, Price VH (1997) Different levels of 5alpha-reductase type I and II, aromatase and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia. J Invest Dermatol 109:296–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schell H, Kiesewetter F, Seitdel C, Hintenstern J von (1991) Cell cycle kinetics of human anagen hair bulbs in thyroid disorders determined by DNA flow cytometry. Dermatologica 182:23–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Schmidt JB (1994) Hormonal basis of male and female androgenic alopecia: clinical relevance. Skin Pharmacol 7:61–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Slominski A, Wortsman J, Tobin DJ (2005) The cutaneous serotoninergic/melatoninergic system: securing a place under the sun. FASEB J 19:176–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Stenn KS, Paus R, Dutton T, Sarba B (1993) Glucocorticoid effect on hair growth initiation: a reconsideration. Skin Pharmacol 6:125–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Utiger RD (2001) Estrogen, thyroxine binding in serum and thyroxine therapy. N Engl J Med 344:1784–1785

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Vexiau P, Chaspoux C, Boudou P et al (2002) Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomized trial. Br J Dermatol 146:992–999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wolff H, Kunte C (1998) Die Behandlung der androgenetischen Alopezie des Mannes mittels systemischer 5α-Reduktase-Hemmung. Hautarzt 49:813–817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Vortrag gehalten von RMT anlässlich der 44. Tagung der DDG, 25.–28.04.2007, Dresden. Berateraufgaben für ASATONA AG, Zug.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Gloriastr. 31, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz

    R.M. Trüeb

Authors
  1. R.M. Trüeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R.M. Trüeb.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Trüeb, R. Hormone und Haarwachstum. Hautarzt 61, 487–496 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1890-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1890-2

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation