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Mikrobiota und Multiple Sklerose

Microbiota and multiple sclerosis

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Zusammenfassung

Die Multiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems, die maßgeblich von autoreaktiven Lymphozyten geprägt ist. Ein Faktor, der zur Aktivierung dieser autoreaktiven Lymphozyten beitragen könnte, ist der Einfluss der intestinalen Mikrobiota oder ihrer metabolischen Produkte auf die Immunzellen im Darmgewebe. Hier fassen wir den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zusammen und beleuchten einerseits Studien, welche anhand humanen Materials das Mikrobiom von MS-Patienten untersuchen und charakterisieren. Andererseits stellen wir Studien vor, die klassische oder humanisierte Tiermodelle nutzen, um den Einfluss bestimmter Mikrobiotaspezies oder Mikrobiotazusammensetzungen auf das Immunsystem und den Krankheitsverlauf zu definieren und eventuelle Kausalzusammenhänge aufzudecken.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system driven by autoreactive lymphocytes. Due to its close contact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, the intestinal microbiota and/or their metabolites may be one of the factors that influence the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes. This article summarizes and discusses the current research efforts to characterize the microbiome of MS patients using human material. In addition, we present research studies that utilized classical or humanized animal models to determine the influence of certain microbiota species or compositions of microbiota on the immune system and disease progression and to define possible causal associations.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei Prof. R. Hohlfeld und Prof. H. Wekerle für das kritische Lesen des Manuskripts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie und Biomedizinisches Zentrum, LMU Klinikum München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Deutschland

    L. A. Gerdes,  H. Yoon &  A. Peters

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  1. L. A. Gerdes
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  2. H. Yoon
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  3. A. Peters
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Correspondence to A. Peters.

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Interessenkonflikt

L.A. Gerdes, H. Yoon und A. Peters geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Gerdes, L.A., Yoon, H. & Peters, A. Mikrobiota und Multiple Sklerose. Nervenarzt 91, 1096–1107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-01012-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-01012-w

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