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Reactive transport model of the formation of oxide-type Ni-laterite profiles (Punta Gorda, Moa Bay, Cuba)

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Abstract

Oxide-type Ni-laterite deposits are characterized by a dominant limonite zone with goethite as the economically most important Ni ore mineral and a thin zone of hydrous Mg silicate-rich saprolite beneath the magnesium discontinuity. Fe, less soluble, is mainly retained forming goethite, while Ni is redeposited at greater depth in a Fe(III) and Ni-rich serpentine (serpentine II) or in goethite, where it adsorbs or substitutes for Fe in the mineral structure. Here, a 1D reactive transport model, using CrunchFlow, of Punta Gorda oxide-type Ni-laterite deposit (Moa Bay, Cuba) formation is presented. The model reproduces the formation of the different laterite horizons in the profile from an initial, partially serpentinized peridotite, in 106 years, validating the conceptual model of the formation of this kind of deposits in which a narrow saprolite horizon rich in Ni-bearing serpentine is formed above peridotite parent rock and a thick limonite horizon is formed over saprolite. Results also confirm that sorption of Ni onto goethite can explain the weight percent of Ni found in the Moa goethite.

Sensitivity analyses accounting for the effect of key parameters (composition, dissolution rate, carbonate concentration, quartz precipitation) on the model results are also presented. It is found that aqueous carbonate concentration and quartz precipitation significantly affects the laterization process rate, while the effect of the composition of secondary serpentine or of mineral dissolution rates is minor. The results of this reactive transport modeling have proven useful to validate the conceptual models derived from field observations.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been financially supported by FEDER Funds, the Spanish projects CGL2009-10924 and CGL2012-36263, and Catalan project 2014-SGR-1661. We are grateful to Prof. J.P. Golightly, Prof. G.Beaudoin, M.Cathelineau, and an anonymous reviewer for their careful reviews and constructive criticism of the original manuscript.

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  1. Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Cristina Domènech, Salvador Galí, Cristina Villanova-de-Benavent & Joaquín A. Proenza

  2. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Josep M. Soler

  3. Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Josep M. Soler

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  1. Cristina Domènech
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Domènech, C., Galí, S., Villanova-de-Benavent, C. et al. Reactive transport model of the formation of oxide-type Ni-laterite profiles (Punta Gorda, Moa Bay, Cuba). Miner Deposita 52, 993–1010 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0713-0

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