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Longitudinal bidirectional associations between internalizing mental disorders and cardiometabolic disorders in the general adult population

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Abstract

Purpose

This prospective population-based study investigated whether having any internalizing mental disorder (INT) was associated with the presence and onset of any cardiometabolic disorder (CM) at 3-year follow-up; and vice versa. Furthermore, we examined whether observed associations differed when using longer time intervals of respectively 6 and 9 years.

Methods

Data were used from the four waves (baseline and 3-, 6- and 9-year follow-up) of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a prospective study of a representative cohort of adults. At each wave, the presence and first onset of INT (i.e. any mood or anxiety disorder) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0; the presence and onset of CM (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were based on self-report. Multilevel logistic autoregressive models were controlled for previous-wave INT and CM, respectively, and sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates.

Results

Having any INT predicted both the presence (OR 1.28, p = 0.029) and the onset (OR 1.46, p = 0.003) of any CM at the next wave (3-year intervals). Having any CM was not significantly related to the presence of any INT at 3-year follow-up, while its association with the first onset of any INT reached borderline significance (OR 1.64, p = 0.06), but only when examining 6-year intervals.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that INTs increase the risk of both the presence and the onset of CMs in the short term, while CMs may increase the likelihood of the first onset of INTs in the longer term. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the observed associations.

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Acknowledgements

NEMESIS-2 is conducted by The Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute) in Utrecht. Financial support has been received from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, with supplementary support from The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) and the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, PO Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Jasper Nuyen, Saskia van Dorsselaer, Marlous Tuithof, Marloes Kleinjan, Ron de Graaf & Margreet ten Have

  2. Department of Developmental Psychology, Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Elisabeth H. Bos & Peter de Jonge

  3. Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Marloes Kleinjan

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  1. Jasper Nuyen
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  2. Elisabeth H. Bos
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Correspondence to Jasper Nuyen.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

NEMESIS-2 was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee for Institutions on Mental Health Care (METIGG). After having been informed about the study aims, respondents provided written informed consent at each wave.

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Nuyen, J., Bos, E.H., de Jonge, P. et al. Longitudinal bidirectional associations between internalizing mental disorders and cardiometabolic disorders in the general adult population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 56, 1611–1621 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-02007-3

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