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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chrysophanol suppresses growth and metastasis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-9/PD-L1 axis

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This article was retracted on 28 November 2020

29 May 2020 Editor’s Note: The Editor in Chief is currently investigating this article as concerns have been raised regarding the integrity of some of data presented here. Further editorial action will be taken as appropriate once the investigation into the concerns is complete and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

This article has been updated

Abstract

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) was a malignant lymphoma. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents against T-ALL is imperative. Previous studies have shown that chrysophanol (CHL), an anthraquinone compound isolated from the Rheum palmatum L., exerts anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects in multiple malignant tumors. However, the effect of CHL on the progression of TALL is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role of CHL in the biological behavior of T-ALL cells and determine its underlying mechanism. Both T-ALL cell lines (Jurkat and TALL-104) were treated with CHL. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of T-ALL cells were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assay, respectively. Western blot and RT-qPCR were applied to examine gene expression. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the regulation mechanism of miR-9 and PD-L1. A T-ALL xenograft model also was used to examine the effect of CHL on the tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. CHL treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of both Jurkat and TALL-104 cells and induced cell apoptosis and the expression of miR-9. Moreover, miR-9 was proved to target PD-L1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Mechanically, pretreated with PD-L1 inhibitor could augment the anti-proliferation and anti-metastatic effect of CHL, while miR-9-silenced alleviated this effect. Consistent with in vitro studies, CHL significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of tumor in vivo. Our finding uncovers the antitumorigenic effect of CHL in T-ALL progression through upregulating the expression of miR-9 and suppressing PD-L1 expression, which may provide a new potential strategy for T-ALL clinical treatment.

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Change history

  • 29 May 2020

    Editor’s Note: The Editor in Chief is currently investigating this article as concerns have been raised regarding the integrity of some of data presented here. Further editorial action will be taken as appropriate once the investigation into the concerns is complete and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.

  • 28 November 2020

    This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-02026-6.

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Funding

The study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81170520).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450008, Henan Province, China

    Junjie Yin, Qingsong Yin, Ruihua Mi, Hao Ai, Lin Chen & Xudong Wei

  2. Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang City, 453002, Henan Province, China

    Junjie Yin & Bo Liang

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  1. Junjie Yin
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  2. Qingsong Yin
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  3. Bo Liang
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  4. Ruihua Mi
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  5. Hao Ai
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  6. Lin Chen
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  7. Xudong Wei
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Contributions

Qingsong Yin and Xudong Wei provided the fund and designed the project.

Junjie Yin performed the experiences and wrote the paper.

Bo Liang and Ruihua Mi performed the experiences.

Hao Ai and Lin Chen collected and analyzed the data.

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Correspondence to Qingsong Yin.

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This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00210-020-02026-6"

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Yin, J., Yin, Q., Liang, B. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chrysophanol suppresses growth and metastasis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-9/PD-L1 axis. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 393, 273–286 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-019-01778-0

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