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Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic waves on heat transfer and nanofluid stability of MWCNTs in sono heat exchanger: an experimental study

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Abstract

The precipitation of nanoparticles is one of the most important barriers in the industrial application of nanofluids. The common method for stabilizing nanofluids is imposing ultrasonic waves on the nanofluid before using it in the heat exchangers. The problem with this method is that after a short time, the nanoparticles start to settle. In this study, the effect of using a novel heat exchanger equipped with ultrasonic transducers on increasing the stability and heat transfer coefficient of exchanger is investigated. The results indicated that using ultrasonic transducers has increased the heat transfer coefficient as well as increasing the stability of nanofluids. The effect of ultrasonic waves on the heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing the concentration of nanofluid but reduced with increasing the flow rate. In the range covered by these results, the simultaneous use of nanofluid and ultrasonic waves could increase the heat transfer coefficient by 300%.

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Abbreviations

mm :

Mass flow rate

mv :

Volume flow rate

Q:

Heat transfer

Cp:

Specific heat capacity

T f :

Fluid temperature

T s :

Surface temperature

LMTD:

Mean logarithmic temperature difference

Dh :

Hydraulic diameter

LH :

Length of the heat exchanger

a:

Inner width of heat exchanger cross section

b:

Inner height of heat exchanger cross section

AH :

Internal surface area of the heat exchanger

h:

Convection heat transfer coefficient

k:

Thermal conductivity coefficient

HMax :

Maximum head of pump

PMax :

Maximum power of pump

h* :

The ratio of h in the presence of ultrasonic waves to h in the absence of ultrasonic waves

h*1 :

The ratio of h of nanofluid to h of water

h* 2 :

The ratio of h of nanofluid in the presence of ultrasonic waves to the h of water in the absence of ultrasonic waves

h* 3 :

The ratio of h of nanofluid in the presence of ultrasonic waves to the h of water in the presence of ultrasonic waves

Re:

Reynolds number

Nu:

Nusselt number

P:

Power, W

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

φ:

Mass fraction

η:

Power efficiency

i:

Inlet

o:

Outlet

avg:

Average

U:

Applying ultrasonic waves

nf:

Nanofluid

w:

Water

H:

Heater

I:

Absence ultrasonic waves

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Hamidreza Azimy, Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani & Masoud Farahnakian

  2. Aerospace and Energy Conversion Research Center, Najafabad branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani

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  1. Hamidreza Azimy
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  2. Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani
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  3. Masoud Farahnakian
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Correspondence to Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani.

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Azimy, H., Meghdadi Isfahani, A.H. & Farahnakian, M. Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic waves on heat transfer and nanofluid stability of MWCNTs in sono heat exchanger: an experimental study. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 467–479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-021-03126-6

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