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Bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia and thalamic lesions in children: an update (2015)

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Abstract

Introduction

In children, many inherited or acquired neurological disorders may cause bilateral symmetrical signal intensity alterations in the basal ganglia and thalami.

Methods

A literature review was aimed at assisting neuroradiologists, neurologists, infectious diseases specialists, and pediatricians to provide further understanding into the clinical and neuroimaging features in pediatric patients presenting with bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia and thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results

We discuss hypoxic-ischemic, toxic, infectious, immune-mediated, mitochondrial, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders affecting the basal ganglia and thalami.

Conclusion

Recognition and correct evaluation of basal ganglia abnormalities, together with a proper neurological examination and laboratory findings, may enable the identification of each of these clinical entities and lead to earlier diagnosis.

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Acknowledgments

In memory of my dear friend, Massimo Gallucci, Professor of Neuroradiology.

Ethical standards and patient consent

We declare that this manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

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We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Neuroradiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

    Giulio Zuccoli

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Michael Paul Yannes

  3. Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Raffaele Nardone

  4. Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Ariel Bailey

  5. Department of Neurology, Section of Metabolic Disorders and Neurogenetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Amy Goldstein

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  1. Giulio Zuccoli
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  2. Michael Paul Yannes
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  4. Ariel Bailey
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  5. Amy Goldstein
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Correspondence to Giulio Zuccoli.

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Zuccoli, G., Yannes, M.P., Nardone, R. et al. Bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia and thalamic lesions in children: an update (2015). Neuroradiology 57, 973–989 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-1568-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-015-1568-7

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