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Sequencing of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene and correlation to its phenotypes in familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in North Indian population

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European Journal of Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The incidence of orofacial clefting varies depending upon geographical location, ethnicity, sex and even socioeconomic status. The study aimed to test the contribution of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene allelic variation to the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) from the population of North India.

Methods

Patients from 12 North Indian families with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) with at least two members affected were clinically evaluated and tested. DNA was extracted from the blood, and three exonic part of the IRF6 gene (exons 2, 5 and 7) were amplified by PCR. Direct sequencing was performed by PCR product, and sequencing results were compared with the reference DNA sequence of the IRF6 gene.

Results

Three SNPs (rs861019, rs2013162 and rs2235372) in 4 out of 12 families were observed. SNP rs861019 was detected in family no. 4 (F4) around exon 2, SNP 2013162 was detected in family no. 10 (F10) and SNP 2235372 was detected in family nos. 5 and 9 (F5 and F9).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the three SNPs within the IRF6 gene are associated with NSCL/P, suggesting IRF6 gene sequence variability and variation in this gene, providing first genetic clue to the NSCL/P phenotype in North Indian families. This is our initial step to demonstrate the involvement of the IRF6 gene in NSCL/P patients in North India. Further extensive study and statistical analysis are needed to validate our result.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, diagnostic study.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the family members for their participation in this study, to the staff of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, BBDCODS, Lucknow and Shushrut Institute of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Lucknow. We also would like to thank the Department of Molecular Bioprospection, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR) for taking keen interest in this research topic.

Conflict of interest

None

Ethical standards

This study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic, BBDCODS, Lucknow, India

    Rohit Khanna, Tripti Tikku, Gulshan Subodh Jain & Kamna Srivastava

  2. Department of Molecular Biology, CIMAP, Lucknow, India

    Mahendra P Darokar

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, Shushrut Institute, Lucknow, India

    Raj Kumar Mishra

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  1. Rohit Khanna
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  2. Tripti Tikku
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  4. Kamna Srivastava
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  5. Mahendra P Darokar
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Correspondence to Rohit Khanna.

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Khanna, R., Tikku, T., Jain, G.S. et al. Sequencing of the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene and correlation to its phenotypes in familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in North Indian population. Eur J Plast Surg 37, 319–326 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-014-0937-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-014-0937-5

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