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Coarctation Index Predicts Recurrent Aortic Arch Obstruction Following Surgical Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta in Infants

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Abstract

Recurrent aortic arch obstruction (RAAO) remains a major cause of morbidity following surgical neonatal repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Elucidating predictors of RAAO can identify high-risk patients and guide postoperative management. The Coarctation index (CoA-I), defined as the ratio of the diameter of the narrowest aortic arch segment to the diameter of the descending aorta, has been used to help diagnose RAAO in neonates following the Norwood Procedure. We sought to assess the predictive value of the CoA-I on RAAO after CoA repair in infants with biventricular circulation. Clinical, surgical, and echocardiographic data of infants with biventricular circulation following neonatal CoA repair between 2010 and 2014 were evaluated. RAAO was defined using a composite quantitative outcome variable: a blood pressure gradient >20, a peak aortic arch velocity >3.5 m/s by echocardiogram, or a catheter-measured peak-to-peak gradient >20 within 2 years of surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Of the 68 subjects included in the analysis, 15 (22%) met criteria for RAAO. In the multivariate model, only CoA-I (OR 35.89, 95% CI 6.08–211.7, p < 0.0001) and use of patch material (OR 9.26, 95% CI 1.57–54.66, p = 0.014) were associated with increased risk of RAAO. The odds of developing RAAO was higher in patients with a CoA-I less than 0.7 (OR 33.8, 95% CI 5.7–199.5, p < 0.001). Postoperative CoA-I may be used to predict RAAO in patients with biventricular circulation after repair of CoA. Patients with a CoA-I less than 0.7 or patch aortoplasty warrant close follow-up.

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Funding

Dr. Peyvandi is supported by the NIH (P01 NS082330).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, 4551, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Gregory Adamson, Phillip Moore, Sarah Tabbutt & Shabnam Peyvandi

  2. Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA

    Tara Karamlou

  3. Pediatric Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, 1600 Eureka Road, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA

    Luz Natal-Hernandez

Authors
  1. Gregory Adamson
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  2. Tara Karamlou
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  3. Phillip Moore
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  4. Luz Natal-Hernandez
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  5. Sarah Tabbutt
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  6. Shabnam Peyvandi
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Correspondence to Gregory Adamson.

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All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standard.

Informed consent

Informed consent was not required in this study due to the de-identified and retrospective nature of the data. The UCSF institutional review board provided approval for this study (IRB #15-16792).

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Adamson, G., Karamlou, T., Moore, P. et al. Coarctation Index Predicts Recurrent Aortic Arch Obstruction Following Surgical Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta in Infants. Pediatr Cardiol 38, 1241–1246 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-017-1651-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-017-1651-4

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