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Leishmaniasis immunopathology—impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by 20 species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. In humans, it has two main clinical forms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous or tegumentary leishmaniasis (CL), as well as several other cutaneous manifestations in a minority of cases. In the mammalian host Leishmania parasites infect different populations of macrophages where they multiply and survive in the phagolysosomal compartment. The progression of both VL and CL depends on the maintenance of a parasite-specific immunosuppressive state based around this host macrophage infection. The complexity and variation of immune responses and immunopathology in humans and the different host interactions of the different Leishmania species has an impact upon the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs.

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Funding

PK is supported by a Wellcome Trust Investigator Award (WT1063203); KVB is supported by a fellowship awarded from the Research Council United Kingdom Grand Challenges Research Funder under grant agreement ‘A Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases’ grant number MR/P027989/1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK

    Paul M. Kaye & Katrien Van Bocxlaer

  2. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland

    Israel Cruz & Albert Picado

  3. National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    Israel Cruz

  4. Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK

    Simon L. Croft

Authors
  1. Paul M. Kaye
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  2. Israel Cruz
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  3. Albert Picado
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  4. Katrien Van Bocxlaer
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  5. Simon L. Croft
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Correspondence to Simon L. Croft.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on: Immunopathology of unresolved tropical diseases - Guest Editor: Marcel Tanner

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Kaye, P.M., Cruz, I., Picado, A. et al. Leishmaniasis immunopathology—impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs. Semin Immunopathol 42, 247–264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00788-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00788-y

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