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From regional pulse vaccination to global disease eradication: insights from a mathematical model of poliomyelitis

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Abstract

Mass-vaccination campaigns are an important strategy in the global fight against poliomyelitis and measles. The large-scale logistics required for these mass immunisation campaigns magnifies the need for research into the effectiveness and optimal deployment of pulse vaccination. In order to better understand this control strategy, we propose a mathematical model accounting for the disease dynamics in connected regions, incorporating seasonality, environmental reservoirs and independent periodic pulse vaccination schedules in each region. The effective reproduction number, \(R_e\), is defined and proved to be a global threshold for persistence of the disease. Analytical and numerical calculations show the importance of synchronising the pulse vaccinations in connected regions and the timing of the pulses with respect to the pathogen circulation seasonality. Our results indicate that it may be crucial for mass-vaccination programs, such as national immunisation days, to be synchronised across different regions. In addition, simulations show that a migration imbalance can increase \(R_e\) and alter how pulse vaccination should be optimally distributed among the patches, similar to results found with constant-rate vaccination. Furthermore, contrary to the case of constant-rate vaccination, the fraction of environmental transmission affects the value of \(R_e\) when pulse vaccination is present.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. RJS? is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant. For citation purposes, note that the question mark in “Smith?” is part of his name.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Cameron J. Browne

  2. Department of Mathematics and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, USA

    Robert J. Smith

  3. Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA

    Lydia Bourouiba

Authors
  1. Cameron J. Browne
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  2. Robert J. Smith
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  3. Lydia Bourouiba
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Correspondence to Robert J. Smith.

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Browne, C.J., Smith, R.J. & Bourouiba, L. From regional pulse vaccination to global disease eradication: insights from a mathematical model of poliomyelitis. J. Math. Biol. 71, 215–253 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-014-0810-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-014-0810-y

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