Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of specific exercise types on pulmonary functions, aerobic and functional capacity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A systematic search of Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, MEDLINE (EBSCO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), CINAHL (EBSCO), PUBMED, AMED, EMBASE (OVID) was conducted in January 2016. The outcome measures were spirometric measurements, chest expansion, 6 minute walk distance (6MWD), pVO2, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). The search strategy was applied with limitation of date and language and this initial electronic search resulted in 143 relevant studies. After duplicates were removed, the titles and abstracts of 52 articles were screened. Of these, 14 full-text articles met initial criteria and were retrieved for review, with eight studies meeting final inclusion criteria. Both specific and conventional exercise groups showed significant improvements in BASDAI and BASFI scores (p < 0.05) in patients with AS, although there was no significant difference between two exercise groups. As for pulmonary functions, the specific exercise groups have greater improvements than conventional group in spirometric measurement, chest expansion (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between specific conventional exercise types in 6MWD (p > 0.05). Specific exercises are an effective adjuvant therapy to enhance cardiopulmonary functions in patients with AS; therefore, it is assumed that in addition to the medical treatments, specific exercise therapy might reduce the cardiopulmonary complications related with AS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akkoc N, van der Linden S, Khan MA (2006) Ankylosing spondylitis and symptom-modifying vs disease-modifying therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20(3):539–557. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.003
Akyol G, Özalevli S, Uçan E (2012) The relationship between pulmonary function and exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Tuberkuloz ve toraks 61(3):227–234
Cho H, Kim T, Kim T-H, Lee S, Lee KH (2013) Spinal mobility, vertebral squaring, pulmonary function, pain, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rehabil Med 37(5):675–682
Aydemir K, Tok F, Peker F, Safaz I, Taskaynatan MA, Ozgul A (2009) The effects of balneotherapy on disease activity, functional status, pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Acta Reumatol Port 35(5):441–446
Dagfinrud H, Halvorsen S, Vøllestad NK, Niedermann K, Kvien TK, Hagen KB (2011) Exercise programs in trials for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: do they really have the potential for effectiveness? Arthritis Care Res 63(4):597–603
Hsieh LF, Wei JCC, Lee HY, Chuang CC, Jiang JS, Chang KC (2014) Aerobic capacity and its correlates in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis 19(5):490–499
Berdal G, Halvorsen S, van der Heijde D, Mowe M, Dagfinrud H (2012) Restrictive pulmonary function is more prevalent in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in matched population controls and is associated with impaired spinal mobility: a comparative study. Arthritis Res Ther 14(1):1
Dincer U, Cakar E, Kiralp MZ, Bozkanat E, Kilac H, Dursun H (2007) The pulmonary involvement in rheumatic diseases: pulmonary effects of ankylosing spondylitis and its impact on functionality and quality of life. Tohoku J Exp Med 212(4):423–430
Seckin U, Bolukbasi N, Gursel G, Eroz S, Sepici V, Ekim N (2000) Relationship between pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18(4):503–506
van der Esch M, van’t Hul AJ, Heijmans M, Dekker J (2004) Respiratory muscle performance as a possible determinant of exercise capacity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Aust J Physiother 50(1):41–45
Smidt N, de Vet HC, Bouter LM, Dekker J (2005) Effectiveness of exercise therapy: a best-evidence summary of systematic reviews. Aust J Physiother 51(2):71–85
Wang CY, Chiang PY, Lee HS, Wei JCC (2009) The effectiveness of exercise therapy for ankylosing spondylitis: a review. Int J Rheum Dis 12(3):207–210
Millner JR, Barron JS, Beinke KM, Butterworth RH, Chasle BE, Dutton LJ, Lewington MA, Lim EG, Morley TB, O’Reilly JE (2016) Exercise for ankylosing spondylitis: an evidence-based consensus statement. In: Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, vol 4. Elsevier, pp 411–427
Ozdem YO, Inanici F, Hasçelik Z (2011) Reduced vital capacity leads to exercise intolerance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 47(3):391–397
O’Dwyer T, O’Shea F, Wilson F (2014) Exercise therapy for spondyloarthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 34(7):887–902
Passalent LA (2011) Physiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis: evidence and application. Curr Opin Rheumatol 23(2):142–147
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 151(4):264–269
Furlan AD, Pennick V, Bombardier C, van Tulder M (2009) Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34(18):1929–1941. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b1c99f
Moseley AM, Herbert RD, Sherrington C, Maher CG (2002) Evidence for physiotherapy practice: a survey of the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro). Aust J Physiother 48(1):43–49
Ince G, Sarpel T, Durgun B, Erdogan S (2006) Effects of a multimodal exercise program for people with ankylosing spondylitis. Phys Ther 86(7):924–935
Dundar U, Solak O, Toktas H, Demirdal U, Subasi V, Kavuncu V, Evcik D (2014) Effect of aquatic exercise on ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int 34(11):1505–1511
Drăgoi R-G, Amaricai E, Drăgoi M, Popoviciu H, Avram C (2016) Inspiratory muscle training improves aerobic capacity and pulmonary function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil 30(4):340–346
Silva EM, Andrade SC, Vilar MJ (2012) Evaluation of the effects of global postural reeducation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 32(7):2155–2163
Durmuş D, Alaylı G, Uzun O, Tander B, Cantürk F, Bek Y, Erkan L (2009) Effects of two exercise interventions on pulmonary functions in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Jt Bone Spine 76(2):150–155
White P, Wong W, Fleming T, Gray B (2007) Primary care spirometry: test quality and the feasibility and usefulness of specialist reporting. Br J Gen Pract 57(542):701–705
Bockenhauer SE, Chen H, Julliard KN, Weedon J (2007) Measuring thoracic excursion: reliability of the cloth tape measure technique. J Am Osteopathic Assoc 107(5):191–196
Bellet RN, Adams L, Morris NR (2012) The 6-minute walk test in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: validity, reliability and responsiveness—a systematic review. Physiotherapy 98(4):277–286
Solway S, Brooks D, Lacasse Y, Thomas S (2001) A qualitative systematic overview of the measurement properties of functional walk tests used in the cardiorespiratory domain. Chest J 119(1):256–270
Calin A, Garrett S, Whitelock H, Kennedy L, O’hea J, Mallorie P, Jenkinson T (1994) A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. J Rheumatol 21(12):2281–2285
Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, Whitelock H, Gaisford P, Calin A (1994) A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol 21(12):2286–2291
Péron T, Plassat R (2016) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: impact of a physical rehabilitation program performed at home on the exercise capacity. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 59:e36
Durmus D, Alayli G, Cil E, Canturk F (2009) Effects of a home-based exercise program on quality of life, fatigue, and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 29(6):673–677
Altan L, Korkmaz N, Dizdar M, Yurtkuran M (2012) Effect of Pilates training on people with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 32(7):2093–2099
Karapolat H, Eyigor S, Zoghi M, Akkoc Y, Kirazli Y, Keser G (2009) Are swimming or aerobic exercise better than conventional exercise in ankylosing spondylitis patients? A randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 45(4):449–457
So MW, Heo HM, San Koo B, Kim Y-G, Lee C-K, Yoo B (2012) Efficacy of incentive spirometer exercise on pulmonary functions of patients with ankylosing spondylitis stabilized by tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy. J Rheumatol 39(9):1854–1858
Koopman WJ, Moreland LW (2001) Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
Paralikar SJ, Kathrotia RG, Pathak NR, Jani MB (2012) Assessment of pulmonary functions in obese adolescent boys. Lung India 29(3):236
Malaguti C, Rondelli RR, de Souza LM, Domingues M, Dal Corso S (2009) Reliability of chest wall mobility and its correlation with pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care 54(12):1703–1711
Hill K, Jenkins SC, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR (2004) Dyspnoea in COPD: can inspiratory muscle training help? Aust J Physiother 50(3):169–180
Ferreira GE, Barreto RG, Robinson CC, Plentz RD, Silva MF (2016) Global postural reeducation for patients with musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Braz J Phys Ther 20(3):194–205
Alkatan M, Baker JR, Machin DR, Park W, Akkari AS, Pasha EP, Tanaka H (2016) Improved function and reduced pain after swimming and cycling training in patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 43(3):666–672
Fernandes G, Jennings F, Cabral MVN, Buosi ALP, Natour J (2016) Swimming improves pain and functional capacity of patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 97(8):1269–1275
García RF, Sánchez L, Rodríguez M, Granados GS (2015) Effects of an exercise and relaxation aquatic program in patients with spondyloarthritis: a randomized trial. Med Clín (English Edition) 145(9):380–384
Brophy S, Davies H, Dennis MS, Cooksey R, Husain MJ, Irvine E, Siebert S (2013) Fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis: treatment should focus on pain management. In: Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, vol 4. Elsevier, pp 361–367
Zochling J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Braun J (2006) Current evidence for the management of ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic literature review for the ASAS/EULAR management recommendations in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 65(4):423–432
Anna O (2005) An introduction to clinical Pilates. Athletic therpy today 10(4):19–25
Roşu MO, Ţopa I, Chirieac R, Ancuta C (2014) Effects of Pilates, McKenzie and Heckscher training on disease activity, spinal motility and pulmonary function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatol Int 34(3):367–372
Chan D, Can F (2010) Patients’ adherence/compliance to physical therapy home exercises. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon 21(3):132–139
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Ismail Saracoglu, Gamze Kurt, Eda Ozge Okur, Emrah Afsar, Gulce Kallem Seyyar, Bilge Basakci Calik and Ferruh Taspinar declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saracoglu, I., Kurt, G., Okur, E.O. et al. The effectiveness of specific exercise types on cardiopulmonary functions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 37, 409–421 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-016-3603-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-016-3603-3