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Biomarker bei durchgreifenden und lamellären Defekten der Makula

Biomarkers in full-thickness and lamellar defects of the macula

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Unter „Biomarker“ versteht man „biologische Marker“, die objektiv auf den Gesundheitszustand hinweisen können. Neben funktionellen und zeitlichen Faktoren haben insbesondere bildgebende Biomarker in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bei durchgreifenden und lamellären Defekten der Makula wurden zahlreiche bildgebende Parameter beschrieben. Diese Erkenntnisse führten für beide Krankheitsbilder zu neuen Einteilungen, die sich auf wichtige „Biomarker“ dieser Krankheitsbilder und charakteristische Merkmale beschriebener Unterformen stützen.

Methode

Bildgebende Biomarker für durchgreifende und lamelläre Defekte der Makula werden im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation und ihre funktionelle prognostische Bedeutung beschrieben. Die Bedeutung dieser Biomarker wird dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Biomarker sind die Grundlage für die aktuelle Klassifikation von durchgreifenden und lamellären Makuladefekten. Biomarker dienen weiterhin zur prognostischen und therapeutischen Einschätzung und beeinflussen die operative Strategie. Zur Behandlung eines durchgreifenden Makulaforamens gibt es abhängig von der Foramengröße und anderen Biomarkern verschiedene operative Strategien. So erhöht die invertierte ILM(„internal limiting membrane“)-Flap-Technik die Verschlussrate bei großen Makulaforamina. Zeigt ein Makulaschichtforamen eine deutliche Progredienz des Befundes, so ermöglicht eine frühzeitige operative Intervention eine gute anatomische und funktionelle Prognose.

Schlussfolgerung

Die multimodale Diagnostik liefert bei Makulaforamen und Makulaschichtforamen wichtige prä-, intra- und postoperative Merkmale, die als Biomarker für die genaue Klassifikation, die Therapiestrategie sowie die Beurteilung der Prognose von herausragender Bedeutung sind.

Abstract

Background

Biomarkers are characteristic biological measurable signs and objective parameters to detect the state of health. Besides functional and temporal factors, imaging biomarkers play an increasingly important role. In full-thickness and lamellar defects of the macula numerous imaging parameters have been described. This knowledge resulted in new classifications for both clinical pictures, which are based on important biomarkers of these clinical pictures and characteristic features of described subtypes.

Methods

Imaging biomarkers for full-thickness and lamellar macular defects are described with respect to the classification and their functional prognostic importance. The importance of these biomarkers is presented.

Results

The current classification of full-thickness and lamellar macular defects is based on structural biomarkers. Biomarkers are important for prognostic and therapeutic evaluation and they have an impact on the surgical strategy. There are various surgical strategies for treatment of full-thickness macular holes depending on the size of the foramen and other biomarkers. The inverted ILM flap technique improves the closure rate of large macular holes. In lamellar macular holes showing signs of progression an early surgical intervention results in a good anatomical and functional prognosis.

Conclusion

Multimodal diagnostics provide important preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative features for macular holes and lamellar macular holes, which are essential biomarkers for the exact classification, the therapeutic strategy and for assessment of the prognosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Augenklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland

    M. Maier FEBO, J. Friedrich & J. Klaas

  2. Klinikum der Universität München, Campus Innenstadt, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336, München, Deutschland

    R. Schumann

  3. Augenzentrum im Brienner Hof, Brienner Str. 12, 80333, München, Deutschland

    R. Schumann

  4. Augenklinik Herzog Carl Theodor, Nymphenburger Str. 43, 80335, München, Deutschland

    C. Haritoglou

Authors
  1. M. Maier FEBO
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  2. R. Schumann
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  3. J. Friedrich
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  4. J. Klaas
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  5. C. Haritoglou
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Maier FEBO.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Maier, R. Schumann, J. Friedrich, J. Klaas und C. Haritoglou geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Maier, M., Schumann, R., Friedrich, J. et al. Biomarker bei durchgreifenden und lamellären Defekten der Makula. Ophthalmologe 118, 321–336 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-021-01340-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-021-01340-5

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