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Poultry litter as a nitrogen and phosphorous source for the rice–wheat cropping system

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Abstract

Poultry litter (PL) is an important nutrient source; however, no information is available regarding its value in supplying N and P in rice–wheat (RW) production. A three-year field study was conducted at Ludhiana, Punjab, India on a loamy sand soil to identify optimum combination of PL and N and P fertilizers for a sustainable RW production. The litter was applied to rice at 5 Mg ha−1 as a single application and supplemented with different rates of N. The residual effect of PL and the direct effects of the different combinations of N and P were studied in the following wheat. Nitrogen and P mineralization from PL was studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory, and macronutrient input–output balances were estimated from field results. About 46% of the N from PL was released after 60 days of incubation. The release of P from the PL occurred mainly during the initial 20 days after incubation, accounting for 15–17% of the total P. Combining PL with fertilizer N (40 kg ha−1) increased rice yield and nutrient uptake similar to what was obtained with the application of recommended fertilizer N (120 kg ha−1). In the following wheat, the residual effect of PL was equal to 30 kg N ha−1 and 13 kg P ha−1. After three annual cropping cycles and PL application, mean soil organic C increased by 17%, Olsen-P by 73%, and NH4OAc-extractable-K by 24%. Most treatments had positive P but negative K balances. About 11% of the net P balance was recovered from the soil as Olsen-P. The study showed that optimum N and P fertilizer doses for an RW system receiving 5 Mg ha−1 of PL are 40 kg N ha−1 for rice and 90 kg N + 13 kg P ha−1 for the following wheat. Safe and effective management of PL should be based on P balance, particularly when regular applications of PL are to be made in the RW system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India

    Yadvinder-Singh, R. K. Gupta, H. S. Thind,  Bijay-Singh,  Varinderpal-Singh,  Gurpreet-Singh &  Jagmohan-Singh

  2. IRRI-India Office, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India

    J. K. Ladha

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  1. Yadvinder-Singh
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  2. R. K. Gupta
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  3. H. S. Thind
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  4. Bijay-Singh
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  5. Varinderpal-Singh
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  6. Gurpreet-Singh
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  7. Jagmohan-Singh
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  8. J. K. Ladha
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Correspondence to J. K. Ladha.

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Yadvinder-Singh, Gupta, R.K., Thind, H.S. et al. Poultry litter as a nitrogen and phosphorous source for the rice–wheat cropping system. Biol Fertil Soils 45, 701–710 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0373-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0373-z

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