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Genomics of human congenital hydrocephalus

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Abstract

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged brain ventricles, is considered a disease of pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and, therefore, treated largely by neurosurgical CSF diversion. The persistence of ventriculomegaly and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in some post-surgical patients highlights our limited knowledge of disease mechanisms. Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies have shown that rare, damaging de novo and inherited mutations with large effect contribute to ~ 25% of sporadic CH. Interestingly, multiple CH genes are key regulators of neural stem cell growth and differentiation and converge in human transcriptional networks and cell types pertinent to fetal neurogliogenesis. These data implicate genetic disruption of early brain development as the primary pathomechanism in a substantial minority of patients with sporadic CH, shedding new light on human brain development and the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. These data further suggest WES as a clinical tool with potential to re-classify CH according to a molecular nomenclature of increased precision and utility for genetic counseling, outcome prognostication, and treatment stratification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Adam J. Kundishora, Amrita K. Singh, Phan Q. Duy & Kristopher T. Kahle

  2. Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Garrett Allington

  3. Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA

    Jian Ryou & Sheng Chih Jin

  4. Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Seth L. Alper

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  1. Adam J. Kundishora
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Contributions

Adam J. Kundishora, Amrita K. Singh, Garrett Allington, and Ashley M. Dunbar designed the study; performed data collection, analysis, and interpretation; and drafted and revised the manuscript. Phan Q. Duy, Jian Ryou, and Sheng Chih Jin drafted and revised the manuscript. Kristopher T. Kahle, Adam J. Kundishora, and Sheng Chih Jin designed the study and conceptualized the framework, interpreted the data, and critically reviewed the manuscript draft and revisions. Seth L. Alper critically reviewed the manuscript draft revisions.

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Correspondence to Kristopher T. Kahle.

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Kundishora, A.J., Singh, A.K., Allington, G. et al. Genomics of human congenital hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 37, 3325–3340 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-021-05230-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-021-05230-8

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