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Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray

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Abstract

Main conclusion

A combined approach, using a carbohydrate microarray as a support for genomic data, has revealed subtle plant cell-wall remodelling during Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana interaction.

Cell walls are involved, to a great extent, in mediating plant–microbe interactions. An important feature of these interactions concerns changes in the cell-wall composition during interaction with other organisms. In ectomycorrhizae, plant and fungal cell walls come into direct contact, and represent the interface between the two partners. However, very little information is available on the re-arrangement that could occur within the plant and fungal cell walls during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Taking advantage of the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) technology, the current study has had the aim of monitoring the changes that take place in the plant cell wall in Corylus avellana roots during colonization by the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus T. melanosporum. Additionally, genes encoding putative plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) have been identified in the T. melanosporum genome, and RT-qPCRs have been performed to verify the expression of selected genes in fully developed C. avellana/T. melanosporum ectomycorrhizae. A localized degradation of pectin seems to occur during fungal colonization, in agreement with the growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus through the middle lamella and with the fungal gene expression of genes acting on these polysaccharides.

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Abbreviations

CBM:

Carbohydrate-binding module

COMPP:

Comprehensive microarray polymer profiling

GH:

Glycoside hydrolase

HG:

Homogalacturonan

PCWDEs:

Plant cell-wall degrading enzymes

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Acknowledgments

The Authors would like to thank Marta Vallino (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Turin) for her support in the TEM observations and Annegret Kohler (INRA, Nancy) for her work on the development and management of the T. melanosporum transcriptome datasets. F. Martin’s laboratory is funded and supported by the French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE (Grant no. ANR-11-LBX-002-01) and the Plant–Microbe Interactions Project, Genomic Science Programme, of the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological, and Environmental Research (Grant No. DE-AC05-00OR22725).

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Author notes

  1. Fabiano Sillo

    Present address: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Turin, Italy

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Fabiano Sillo & Paola Bonfante

  2. Section for Plant Glycobiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Jonatan U. Fangel & William G. T. Willats

  3. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, 13288, Marseille, France

    Bernard Henrissat

  4. Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille University, 13288, Marseille, France

    Bernard Henrissat

  5. INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288, Marseille, France

    Bernard Henrissat

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Bernard Henrissat

  7. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP) del CNR, Torino Unit, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy

    Antonella Faccio & Raffaella Balestrini

  8. Laboratoire d’excellence ARBRE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, 54 280, Champenoux, France

    Francis Martin

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  1. Fabiano Sillo
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Correspondence to Raffaella Balestrini.

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Additional information

F. Sillo and J. U. Fangel contributed equally to the paper.

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425_2016_2507_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary material 1 Fig. S1 a Corylus avellana/Tuber melanosporum ectomycorrhizae with the typical clavate aspect. b Longitudinal semi-thin section of a C. avellana/T. melanosporum ectomycorrhiza showing the mantle (m) which consists of several layers of hyphae, and the Hartig net proliferation (arrows). As suggested from a quantification based on an RNA proportion (Tisserant et al. 2011), at this stage of development, fungal mycelium represents about 30 % of the ectomycorrhizal tissues. Scale bar 25 μm

Supplementary material 2 (DOCX 18 kb)

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Sillo, F., Fangel, J.U., Henrissat, B. et al. Understanding plant cell-wall remodelling during the symbiotic interaction between Tuber melanosporum and Corylus avellana using a carbohydrate microarray. Planta 244, 347–359 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-016-2507-5

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