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Contrasted effects of temperature during defoliation vs. refoliation periods on the infection of rubber powdery mildew (Oidium heveae) in Xishuangbanna, China

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Abstract

Rubber powdery mildew caused by the foliar fungi Oidium heveae is one of the main diseases affecting rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis) worldwide. It is particularly serious in sub-optimal growing areas, such as Xishuangbanna in SW China. To prevent and control this disease, fungicides causing serious environmental problems are widely used. Strong correlations between the infection level and the temperature variables were reported previously, but they were related to monthly data that did not allow unraveling the patterns during the entire sensitive period. We correlated the infection level of powdery mildew of rubber trees recorded over 2003–2011 with antecedent 365 days daily temperature variables using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Our PLS regression results showed that the infection level of powdery mildew responded differently to the temperature variables of the defoliation and refoliation periods. Further analysis with Kriging interpolation showed that the infection level increased by 20% and 11%, respectively, per 1 °C rise of the daily maximum and mean temperature in the defoliation season, while it decreased by 8% and 10%, respectively, per 1 °C rise of the daily maximum and temperature difference in the refoliation season. This pattern was likely linked to the effects of temperature on leaf phenology. It seems highly possible that the infection level of powdery mildew increases, as increasing trends of maximum temperature and mean temperature during the defoliation continue.

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Acknowledgments

The first author thanks all the members of Ecolab at NAU for their research experiences and skills sharing.

Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), by the Belmont Forum Collaborative Research Action “Mountains as Sentinels of Change-2015” (No. 41661144001), and by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SMC014). This work was supported by a visiting scholar grant to Deli Zhai to the University of Northern Arizona in 2017–2018 from the Kunming Institute of Botany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China

    De-Li Zhai, Philippe Thaler & Jianchu Xu

  2. Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station & Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China

    Jing Wang

  3. CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398, Montpellier, France

    Philippe Thaler

  4. Eco&Sols, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Philippe Thaler

  5. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Yiqi Luo

  6. East and Central Asia Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China

    Jianchu Xu

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  1. De-Li Zhai
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Zhai, DL., Wang, J., Thaler, P. et al. Contrasted effects of temperature during defoliation vs. refoliation periods on the infection of rubber powdery mildew (Oidium heveae) in Xishuangbanna, China. Int J Biometeorol 64, 1835–1845 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01969-y

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