Skip to main content
Log in

Fatal fulminant sepsis due to a cat bite in an immunocompromised patient

Tödliche fulminante Sepsis nach einem Katzenbiss bei einem immunkompromittierten Patienten

  • Case report
  • Published:
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Durch P. multocida ausgelöste Infektionen können sich beim Menschen als lokalisierte Infektionen des die Läsion umgebenden Bindegewebes, als Infektionen im Respirationstrakt oder als systemische Infektionen mit langsamer oder fulminanter Entwicklung präsentieren. Über 90% der humanen Infektionen sind Wundinfektionen oder Abszesse, die sich in Folge von Bissen, Kratzern oder Ablecken von Hautläsionen durch Hunde oder Katzen entwickelt haben. Schwere systemische Erkrankungen wie Pneumonie, Lungenabszess, Peritonitis, Endokarditis, Meningitis und Sepsis sind vor allem auch bei Patienten mit vorbestehenden Erkrankungen wohl bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit berichten wir über einen immunkomprimittierten Patienten, der von einer ihm unbekannten Katze gebissen worden war, und der in sehr kurzer Zeit eine fulminante Sepsis entwickelte. Der Patient verstarb schließlich 70 Stunden nach dem Katzenbiss, trotz Intensivbehandlung und Reanimationsversuchen. Leider hatte er zu spät medizinische Hilfe aufgesucht. Wir möchten an Hand dieses Falles darauf hinweisen, dass es schon für die Erstversorgung wichtig ist, infektionsgefährdete Patienten besser über die Infektionsgefahr durch den Kontakt mit Tieren zu informieren. Sie sollten vor möglichen Konsequenzen von Verletzungen, auch durch eigene Haustiere, gewarnt werden.

Summary

Pasteurella multocida infections in humans can present as localized infections of soft tissues surrounding the lesions, as respiratory tract infections or as systemic infections with slow or fulminant development. Over 90% of human infections are cases of wound infections or abscesses related to a bite, scratch, or licking of skin lesions by a cat or dog. Severe systemic diseases such as pneumonia, lung abscess, peritonitis, endocarditis, meningitis and sepsis are also well known, especially in patients with underlying medical conditions. In this paper we report on an immunocompromised patient who was bitten by an unknown cat and very quickly developed fulminant sepsis, dying 70 hours after the cat bite, despite all the intensive care, therapy and reanimation he was given. Unfortunately, he asked for medical help too late. We emphasize the need for primary healthcare to provide more information to patients at risk of infections from contact with animals and to warn them about the possible consequences of injuries, even when the animals are pets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Von Graevenitz A, Zbinden R, Mutters R (2003) Actinobacillus, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Kingella, Pasteurella, and other fastidious or rarely encountered Gram-negative rods. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH (eds) Manual of clinical microbiology, 8th edn, vol 1. ASM, Washington DC, pp 611–612

    Google Scholar 

  • Zurlo JJ (2005) Pasteurella species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds) Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th edn, vol 2. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 2687–2691

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein NC, Cunha BA (1997) Pasteurella multocida pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 12: 54–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westling K, Bygdeman S, Engkvist O, Jorup-Ronstrum C (2000) Pasteurella multocida infection following cat bites in humans. J Infect 40: 97–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura R, Hayashi Y, Takeuchi T, Shimizu M, Iwata M, Tanahashi J, et al (2004) Pasteurella multocida septicemia caused by close contact with a domestic cat: case report and literature review. J Infect Chemother 10: 250–252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowler PG, Duerden BI, Armstrong DG (2001) Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 244–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2006) Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; approved standard – 9th edn. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M2-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradaric N, Milas I, Luksic B, Bojcic-Tonkic M, Karanovic J (2000) Erysipelas-like cellulitis with Pasteurella multocida bacteremia after a cat bite. Croat Med J 41: 446–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmulewitz L, Chandesris MO, Mainardi JL, Poirée S, Viard JP, Lecuit M, et al (2007) Invasive Pasteurella multocida sinusitis in a renal transplant patient. Transpl Infect Dis. Epub ahead of print. Available at www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00270.x

  • Kall S, Vogt PM (2005) Surgical therapy for hand infections, part I. Chirurg 76: 615–625

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madoff LC (1998) Infections from bites, scratches and burns. In: Fauci A, Braunwald E, Isselvacher KJ, Martin JV (eds) Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 14th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 836–839

    Google Scholar 

  • Zong ZY, Gao YY, Wang XH (2005) Subcutaneous abscess caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient due to a cat bite. Chin Med J 118: 1045–1046

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raffi F, Barrier J, Baron D, Drugeon HB, Nicolas F, Courtieu AL (1987) Pasteurella multocida bacteremia: report of thirteen cases over twelve years and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 19: 385–393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, et al (1996) The SOFA (sepsis-related organ failure assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med 22: 707–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE (1985) APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 13: 818–829

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillet C, Join-Lambert O, Carbonnelle E, Ferroni A, Vachée A (2007) Pasteurella multocida sepsis and meningitis in 2-month-old twin infants after household exposure to a slaughtered sheep. Clin Infect Dis 45: e80–e81

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenau A, Labigne A, Escande F, Courcoux P, Philippon A (1991) Plasmid mediated ROB-1 β-lactamase in Pasteurella multocida from a human specimen. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 2419–2422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naas T, Benaoudia F, Lebrun L, Nordmann P (2001) Molecular identification of TEM-1 β-lactamase in a Pasteurella multocida isolate of human origin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20: 210–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivana Harsanji Drenjancevic.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Drenjancevic, I., Ivic, D., Drenjancevic, D. et al. Fatal fulminant sepsis due to a cat bite in an immunocompromised patient. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 504–506 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0992-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0992-7

Keywords

Navigation