Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nichtinvasive und invasive außerklinische Beatmung beim chronisch respiratorischen Versagen

Konsensus-Report des Arbeitskreises für Beatmung & Intensivmedizin der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie

Non-invasive and invasive out of hospital ventilation in chronic respiratory failure

Consensus report of the working group on ventilation and intensive care medicine of the Austrian Society of Pneumology

  • ÖGP-Konsensus
  • Published:
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Konsensusreport, der unter der Patronanz der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP) erstellt wurde, soll einen praxisnahen Leitfaden für die außerklinische Beatmung darstellen mit Bedachtnahme auf die spezifisch österreichischen Rahmenbedingungen und gesetzlichen Grundlagen. Der Leitfaden orientiert sich nach einer Konsensusempfehlung der ÖGP zur Ausstattung deslangzeitbeatmeten Patienten aus dem Jahr 2004 und der S2-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin über die nichtinvasive und invasive Beatmung bei der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz aus 2010, angepasst an nationale Erfahrungen und aktualisiert durch rezente Literatur.

In 11 Kapiteln wird einerseits die Einleitung, Umstellung und Kontrolle der außerklinische Beatmung, die technische Ausstattung sowie der Beatmungszugang, andererseits die verschiedenen Indikationen wie chronisch obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen, thorakal-restriktive und neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, das Adipositas-Hypoventilationssyndrom sowie pädiatrische Erkrankungen beschrieben. Weiters wird ausführlich auf die Atemphysiotherapie bei Erwachsenen und Kindern unter invasiver und nichtinvasiver Langzeitbeatmung eingegangen.

Abstract

The current consensus report was compiled under the patronage of the Austrian Society of Pneumology (Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie, ÖGP) with the intention of providing practical guidelines for out-of-hospital ventilation that are in accordance with specific Austrian framework parameters and legal foundations. The guidelines are oriented toward a 2004 consensus ÖGP recommendation concerning the setup of long-term ventilated patients and the 2010 German Respiratory Society S2 guidelines on noninvasive and invasive ventilation of chronic respiratory insufficiency, adapted to national experiences and updated according to recent literature. In 11 chapters, the initiation, adjustment, and monitoring of out-of-hospital ventilation is described, as is the technical equipment and airway access. Additionally, the different indications—such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, thoracic restrictive and neuromuscular diseases, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and pediatric diseases—are discussed. Furthermore, the respiratory physiotherapy of adults and children on invasive and noninvasive long-term ventilation is addressed in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7
Abb. 8

Abbreviations

ASVG:

Allgemeines Sozialversicherungsgesetz

APT:

Atemphysiotherapie

CO2 :

Kohlendioxid

COPD:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung)

EMG:

Elektromyografie

FiO2 :

Fraction of inspired oxygen

FVC:

forcierte Vitalkapazität

GOLD:

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstruvtive Lung Disease

GuKG:

Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegegesetz

HME:

heat and moisture exchanger (Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsaustauscher)

I:E:

Verhältnis von Inspirations- zu Expirationsdauer

mbar:

millibar

MI:E:

mechanical in-exsufflator

NIV:

noninvasive ventilation (nichtinvasive Beatmung)

NME:

neuromuskuläre Erkrankung

ÖGP:

Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie

OSAS:

obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom

PaCO2 :

arterieller Kohlendioxidpartialdruck

PaO2 :

arterieller Sauerstoffpartialdruck

PCF:

peak cough flow (Hustenspitzenfluss)

PEEP:

positive endexpiratory pressure (positiver endexspiratorischer Druck)

Pe max:

maximaler expiratorischer Druck

Pi max:

maximaler inspiratorischer Druck

PSV:

pressure support ventilation

PTcCO2 :

transkutan gemessener, zur Temperatur korrigierter, Kohlendioxidpartialdruck

PVC:

Polyvinyl-Chlorid

QoL:

quality of life

REM:

rapid eye movement (schnelle Augenbewegungen)

Tbc:

Tuberkulose

VC:

vital capacity (Vitalkapazität)

Literatur

  1. Schönhofer B. Nichtinvasive Beatmung zur Therapie der akuten respiratorischen und chronischen ventilatorischen Insuffizienz. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009;134:535–40.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kabitz HJ, Walterspacher S, Walker D, Windisch W. Inspiratory muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on disease severity. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007b;113(5):243–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Criée CP, Laier-Groeneveld G. Die Atempumpe: Atemmuskulatur und intermittierende Selbstbeatmung. 1. Aufl. New York: Thieme; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Windisch W, Brambring J, Budweiser S, et al. S2-Leitlinie: Nichtinvasive und invasive Beatmung als Therapie der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz. Pneumologie. 2010;64(4):207–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kabitz H, Windisch W. Respiratory muscle testing: state of the art. Pneumologie. 2007;61(9):582–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mehta S, Hill NS. Noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(2):540–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hartl S, Heindl W, Lahrmann H, et al. Provisions for long-term at home ventilated patient: consensus recommendations of the Austrian society for lung diseases and tuberculosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004;116(Suppl 3):1–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bundesgesetz über Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeberufe (Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegegesetz – GuKG)StF. BGBl. I Nr. 108/1997 (NR: GP XX RV 709 AB 777.S. 82. BR: 5494 AB 5515 S. 629.) (CELEX-Nr.: 377L0452, 377L0453, 389L0048392L0051) http://www.ris.bka.gv.at.

  9. Goldberg AI. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation at home: building upon the tradition. Chest. 2002;121:321–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Leger P. Organization of long term mechanical ventilation in Europe. In: Simonds AK, Herausgeber. Non-invasive respiratory support. A practical handbook.

  11. Lloyd-Owen SJ, Donaldson GC, Ambrosino N, et al. Patterns of home mechanical use in Europe: results from the Eurovent survey. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:1025–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Simonds AK. Risk management of the home ventilator dependent patient. Thorax. 2006;61(5):369–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Branthwaite MA. Ethical and medico legal aspects of assisted ventilation. In: Simonds AK, Herausgeber. Non‐invasive respiratory support: a practical handbook. London: Arnold; S. 282–91.

  14. Durchführungsempfehlungen zur invasiven außerklinischen Beatmung. Gemeinsame Empfehlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie, der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Gesellschaft für Außerklinische Beatmung, des medizinischen Dienstes des Spitzenverbandes Bund der Krankenkassen e. V. und des AOK-Bundesverbandes. Pneumologie. 2011;65:72–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hartl S, et al. Long-term invasive mechanical ventilation in the home-2007 revision & update. Respir Care. 2007;52(1):1056–62.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Laplanche V, Husseini FE, et al. Evaluation of the user-friendliness of 11 home mechanical ventilators. Eur Respir J. 2006;27:1236–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chatwin M, Heather S, Hanak A, et al. Analysis of home support and ventilator malfunction in 1211 ventilator-dependent patients. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:310–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lofaso F, Fodil R, Lorino H, et al. Inaccuracy of tidal volume delivered by home mechanical ventilators. Eur Respir J. 2000;15:338–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Luján M, Sogo A, Pomares X, Monsó E, Sales B, Blanch L. Effect of leak and breathing pattern on the accuracy of tidal volume estimation by commercial home ventilators: a bench study. Respir Care. 2013;58(5):770–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Contal O, Vignaux L, Combescure C, et al. Monitoring of noninvasive ventilation by built-in software of home bilevel ventilators: a bench study. Chest. 2012;141(2):469–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Highcock MP, Shneerson JM, Smith IE. Functional differences in bi-level pressure preset ventilators. Eur Respir J. 2001;17:268–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Blakeman TC, Rodriquez D, Hanseman D, et al. Bench evaluation of 7 home-care ventilators. Respir Care. 2011;56(11):1791–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hess DR. Patient-ventilator interactions during noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care. 2011;56(2):153–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Han J, Liu J. Effect of circuit changes on ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Care. 2010;55(4):467–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Schönhofer B, Sortor-Leger S. Equipment needs for noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:1029–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Navalesi P, Fanfulla F, Frigerio P, Gregoretti C, Nava S. Physiologic evaluation of noninvasive mechanical ventilation delivered with three types of masks in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(6):1785–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Fraticelli AT, Lellouche F, L’her E, Taillé S, Mancebo J, Brochard L. Physiological effects of different interfaces during noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(3):939–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Nava S, Navalesi P, Gregoretti C. Interfaces and humidification for noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2009;54(1):71–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ambrosino N, Goldstein R, Herausgeber. Ventilatory support for chronic respiratory failure. USA: Informa Healthcare; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Esquinas AM, Herausgeber. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Theory, equipment, and clinical applications. Berlin: Springer; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Björling G. Long-term tracheotomy care: How to do it; Breathe. 2009 March;5(3).

  32. Schönhofer B, Kuhlen R, Neumann P, et al. S3-Leitlinie NIV bei akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Pneumologie. 2008;62(5):449–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline. Long-Term Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in the Home – 2007 Revision & Update. Respir Care. 2007;52(8):1056–62.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hess DR. Tracheostomy tubes and related appliances. Respir Care. 2005;50(4):497–510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Morán I, Cabello B, Manero E, Mancebo J. Comparison of the effects of two humidifier systems on endotracheal tube resistance. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:1773–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hess DR. Facilitating speech in the patient with tracheostomy. Respir Care. 2005;50(4):519–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lotti GA, et al. Unfavorable effects of heat and moisture exchangers in ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23:399–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Jaber S, et al. Comparison of the effects of heat and moisture exchangers and heated humidifiers on ventilation and gas exchange during non-invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1590–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kelly M, et al. Heated humidification versus heat and moisture exchangers for ventilated adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004711.

  40. Jaber S. Long-term effects of different humidification systems on endotracheal tube patency. Anesthesiology. 2004;100(4):782–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. AARC Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Care of the ventilator circuit and its relation to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care. 2003;48(9):869–79. (Hess DR et al)

    Google Scholar 

  42. AARC Clinical Practice Guideline. Selection of device, administration of bronchodilator, and evaluation of response to therapy in mechanically ventilated patients. Respir Care. 1999;44(1):105–13.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Medizinische Absauggeräte – Teil 1. Elektrisch betriebene Absauggeräte Sicherheitsanforderungen (ISO 10079-1: 1999); Deutsche Fassung: EN ISO 10079-1: 2009.

  44. AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines. Endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients with artificial airways. Respir Care. 2010;55(6):758–64.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ram FSF, Picot J, Lightowler J, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD004104.

  46. Köhnlein T, Windisch W, Köhler D, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(9):698–705.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Windisch W, Haenel M, Storre JH, Dreher M. High-intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for stable hypercapnic COPD. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6(2):72–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Dreher M, Storre J, Schmoor C, Windisch W. High-intensity versus low-intensity non-invasive ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD patients: a randomized cross-over trial. Thorax. 2010;65(4):303–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Meecham Jones DJ, Paul EA, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):538–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Clini E, Sturani C, Rossi A, Viaggi S, et al. The Italian multicentre study on noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(3):529–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Budweiser S, Jorres RA, Riedl T, et al. Predictors of survival in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure receiving noninvasive home ventilation. Chest. 2007;131(6):1650–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Windisch W, Criee CP. Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit häuslicher Beatmung. Pneumologie. 2006;60(9):539–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Tsolaki V, Pastaka C, Karetsi E, et al. One-year non-invasive ventilation in chronic hypercapnic COPD: effect on quality of life. Respir Med. 2008;102(6):904–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Tsolaki V, Pastaka C, Kostikas K, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in chronic respiratory failure: effects on quality of life. Respiration. 2011;81(5):402–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Windisch W, Dreher M, Storre JH, Sorichter S. Nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: physiological effects on spontaneous breathing. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;150(2–3):251–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Oscroft NS, Quinnell TG, Shneerson JM, Smith IE. Long-term non-invasive ventilation to manage persistent ventilatory failure after COPD exacerbation. Respirology. 2010;15(5):818–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Heindl W. Die nichtinvasive Beatmung. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999;111(19):784–801.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Budweiser S, Heinemann F, Meyer K, Wild PJ, Pfeifer M. Weight gain in cachectic COPD patients receiving noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. Respir Care. 2006;51(2):126–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Wijkstra PJ, Lacasse Y, Guyatt GH, et al. A meta-analysis of nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with stable COPD. Chest. 2003;124(1):337–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Garrod R, Mikelsons C, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. Randomized controlled trial of domiciliary noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and physical training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(4 Pt 1):1335–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G, et al. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in addition to rehabilitation in hypercapnic patients with COPD. Thorax. 2008;63(12):1052–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G, et al. Two-year home-based nocturnal noninvasive ventilation added to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2011;23(12):112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Dreher M, Storre JH, Windisch W. Noninvasive ventilation during walking in patients with severe COPD: a randomised cross-over trial. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(5):930–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Jones SE, Packham S, Hebden M, Smith AP. Domiciliary nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to severe COPD: long-term follow up and effect on survival. Thorax. 1998;53(6):495–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Funk GC, Breyer MK, Burghuber OC, et al. Long-term non-invasive ventilation in COPD after acute-on-chronic respiratory failure. Respir Med. 2011;105(3):427–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Heinemann F, Budweiser S, Jörres RA, et al. The role of non-invasive home mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring prolonged weaning. Respirology. 2011;16(8):1273–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Windisch W. Impact of home mechanical ventilation on health-related quality of life. Eur Respir J. 2008;32(5):1328–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Dreher M, Kenn K, Windisch W. Nichtinvasive Beatmung und körperliche Belastung bei Patienten mit COPD. Pneumologie. 2008;62(3):162–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. McEvoy RD, Pierce RJ, Hillman D, et al. Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2009;64:516–4

  70. Fletcher EC, Donner CF, Midgren B, et al. Survival in COPD patients with a daytime PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg with and without nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Chest. 1992;101(3):649–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Andreas S, et al. Tabakentwöhnung bei COPD – S3-Leitlinie herausgegeben von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin. Pneumologie. 2008;62(5):255–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lichtenschopf, A. Richtlinien der Tabakentwöhnung Stand 2010. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2011;123:1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Criner GJ, Brennan K, Travaline JM, Kreimer D. Efficacy and compliance with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Chest. 1999;116(3):667–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Moran F, Bradley JM, Piper AJ. Non-invasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;4:CD002769.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Flight WG, Shaw J, Johnson S, et al. Long-term non-invasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis – experience over two decades. J Cyst Fibros. 2012;11(3):187–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Holland AE, Denehy L, Ntoumenopoulos G, Naughton MT, Wilson JW. Non-invasive ventilation assists chest physiotherapy in adults with acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2003;58(10):880–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Wedzicha JA, Muir JF. Noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(3):777–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Leger P, Bedicam JM, Cornette A, et al. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Long-term follow-up in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest. 1994;105(1):100–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Simonds AK, Elliott MW. Outcome of domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in restrictive and obstructive disorders. Thorax. 1995;50(6):604–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Midgren B, Olofson J, Harlid R, Dellborg C, Jacobsen E, Norregaard O. Home mechanical ventilation in Sweden, with reference to Danish experiences. Swedish Society of Chest Medicine. Respir Med. 2000;94(2):135–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Windisch W, Dreher M. NIV and chronic respiratory failure secondary to restrictive thoracic disorders. In: Muir JF, Ambrosino N, Simonds AK, Herausgeber Noninvasive ventilation. K. Larsson (Ed. in Chief). European Respiratory Monograph. 2nd. Herausgeber. Sheffield: ERS Journals; S. 240–250.

  82. Shneerson JM, Simonds AK. Noninvasive ventilation for chest wall and neuromuscular disorders. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(2):480–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Simonds AK. Home ventilation. Eur Respir J. 2003;47:38–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Goldberg A, et al. Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation – a consensus conference report. Chest. 1999;116(2):521–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Nickol AH, Hart N, Hopkinson NS, et al. Mechanisms of improvement of respiratory failure in patients with restrictive thoracic disease treated with non-invasive ventilation. Thorax. 2005;60:754–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Fauroux B, Lofaso F. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation: when to start for what benefit? Thorax. 2005;60(12):979–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Perrin C, D’Ambrosio C, White A, Hill NS. Sleep in restrictive and neuromuscular respiratory disorders. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;26(1):117–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Ward S, Chatwin M, Heather S, Simonds AK. Randomised controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular and chest wall disease patients with daytime normocapnia. Thorax. 2005;60(12):1019–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Masa JF, Celli BR, Riesco JA, et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and not oxygen may prevent overt ventilatory failure in patients with chest wall diseases. Chest. 1997;112(1):207–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Budweiser S, Murbeth RE, Jorres RA, Heinemann F, Pfeifer M. Predictors of long-term survival in patients with restrictive thoracic disorders and chronic respiratory failure undergoing non-invasive home ventilation. Respirology. 2007;12(4):551–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Storre JH, Steurer B, Kabitz H, Dreher M, Windisch W. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring during initiation of noninvasive ventilation. Chest. 2007;132(6):1810–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Fletcher EC. Survival in COPD patients with a daytime PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg with and without nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Chest. 1992;101(3):649–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Becker HF. Breathing during sleep in patients with nocturnal desaturation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159(1):112–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Schönhofer B, Sonneborn M, Haidl P, Bohrer H, Kohler D. Comparison of two different modes for noninvasive mechanical ventilation in chronic respiratory failure: volume versus pressure controlled device. Eur Respir J. 1997;10(1):84–91.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Restrick LJ, Fox NC, Braid G, et al. Comparison of nasal pressure support ventilation with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with nocturnal hypoventilation. Eur Respir J. 1993;6(3):364–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Tejeda M, Boix JH, Alvarez F, Balanza R, Morales M. Comparison of pressure support ventilation and assist-control ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure. Chest. 1997;111(5):1322–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Windisch W, Storre JH, Sorichter S, Virchow JCJ. Comparison of volume- and pressure-limited NPPV at night: a prospective randomized cross-over trial. Respir Med. 2005;99(1):52–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Tuggey JM, Elliott MW. Randomised crossover study of pressure and volume non-invasive ventilation in chest wall deformity. Thorax. 2005;60(10):859–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Struik FM, Duiverman ML, Meijer PM, et al. Volume targeted vs. pressure-targeted noninvasive ventilation in patients with chest-wall deformity: a pilot study. Respir Care. 2011;56(10):1522–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Ferris G, Servera-Pieras E, Vergara P, et al. Kyphoscoliosis ventilatory insufficiency: noninvasive management outcomes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;79(1):24–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Domenech-Clar R, Nauffal-Manzur D, Perpina-Tordera M, Compte-Torrero L, Macian-Gisbert V. Home mechanical ventilation for restrictive thoracic diseases: effects on patient quality-of-life and hospitalizations. Respir Med. 2003;97(12):1320–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Ellis ER, Grunstein RR, Chan S, Bye PT, Sullivan CE. Noninvasive ventilatory support during sleep improves respiratory failure in kyphoscoliosis. Chest. 1988;94(4):811–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Gonzalez C, Ferris G, Diaz J, et al. Kyphoscoliotic ventilatory insufficiency: effects of long-term intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Chest. 2003;124(3):857–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Nauffal D, Domenech R, Martinez Garcia MA, et al. Noninvasive positive pressure home ventilation in restrictive disorders: outcome and impact on health-related quality of life. Respir Med. 2002;96(10):777–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Schönhofer B, Wallstein S, Wiese C, Kohler D. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation improves endurance performance in patients with chronic respiratory failure due to thoracic restriction. Chest. 2001;119(5):1371–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Schönhofer B, Barchfeld T, Wenzel M, Kohler D. Long term effects of non-invasive mechanical ventilation on pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Thorax. 2001;56(7):524–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Buyse B, Meersseman W, Demedts M. Treatment of chronic respiratory failure in kyphoscoliosis: oxygen or ventilation? Eur Respir J. 2003;22(3):525–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Budweiser S, Heinemann F, Fischer W, et al. Impact of ventilation parameters and duration of ventilator use on non-invasive home ventilation in restrictive thoracic disorders. Respiration. 2006;73(4):488–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Contal O, Janssens JP, Dury M, et al. Sleep in ventilatory failure in restrictive thoracic disorders. Effects of treatment with non invasive ventilation. Sleep Med. 12(2011):373–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Carrey Z, Gottfried SB, Levy RD. Ventilatory muscle support in respiratory failure with nasal positive pressure ventilation. Chest. 1990;97(1):150–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Goldstein RS, De Rosie JA, Avendano MA, Dolmage TE. Influence of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on inspiratory muscles. Chest. 1991;99(2):408–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Kohler D. Noninvasive ventilation works in all restrictive diseases with hypercapnia whatever the cause. Respiration. 2001;68(5):450–1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Annane D, Quera-Salva MA, Lofaso F, et al. Mechanisms underlying effects of nocturnal ventilation on daytime blood gases in neuromuscular diseases. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(1):157–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Dellborg C, Olofson J, Hamnegard CH, Skoogh BE, Bake B. Ventilatory response to CO2 re-breathing before and after nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation. Respir Med. 2000. 94(12):1154–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Estenne M, Gevenois PA, Kinnear W, et al. Lung volume restriction in patients with chronic respiratory muscle weakness: the role of microatelectasis. Thorax. 1993;48(7):698–701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  116. Jager L, Franklin KA, Midgren B, Lofdahl K, Strom K. Increased survival with mechanical ventilation in posttuberculosis patients with the combination of respiratory failure and chest wall deformity. Chest. 2008;133(1):156–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Gustafson T, Franklin KA, Midgren B. Survival of patients with kyphoscoliosis receiving mechanical ventilation or oxygen at home. Chest. 2006;130(6):1828–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Magnussen H, Kirsten A, Kohler D. Leitlinien zur Langzeit-Sauerstofftherapie. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. Pneumologie. 2008;62(12):748–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Janssens JP, Cicotti E, Fitting JW, Rochat T. Non-invasive home ventilation in patients over 75 years of age: tolerance, compliance, and impact on quality of life. Respir Med. 1998;92(12):1311–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Piper AJ, Grunstein RR. Current perspectives on the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13(6):490–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome revisited: A prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest. 2001;120(2):369–376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A. Recent advances in obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Chest. 2007;132(4):1322–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Banerjee D, Yee BJ, Piper AJ, Zwillich CW, Grunstein RR. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: hypoxemia during continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 2007;131(6):1678–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Sullivan CE, Berthon-Jones M, Issa FG. Remission of severe obesity-hypoventilation syndrome after short term treatment during sleep with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983;128(1):177–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Rochester DF, Enson Y. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Mechanical and circulatory factors. Am J Med. 1974;57(3):402–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Sugerman HJ, Fairman RP, Sood RK, Engle K, Wolfe L, Kellum JM. Long-term effects of gastric surgery for treating respiratory insufficiency of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(2):597–601.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Miller A, Granada M. In-hospital mortality in the Pickwickian syndrome. Am J Med. 1974;56(2):144–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Nowbar S, Burkart KM, Gonzales R, et al. Obesity-associated hypoventilation in hospitalized patients: prevalence, effects, and outcome. Am J Med. 2004;116(1):1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Piper AJ, Wang D, Yee BJ, Barnes DJ, Grunstein RR. Randomised trial of CPAP vs bilevel support in the treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome without severe nocturnal desaturation. Thorax. 2008;63(5):395–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Berger KI, Ayappa I, Chatr-Amontri B, Marfatia A, Sorkin IB, Rapoport DM, Goldring RM. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome as a spectrum of respiratory disturbances during sleep. Chest. 2001;120(4):1231–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Murphy PB, Davidson C, Hind MD, et al. Volume targeted versus pressure support non-invasive ventilation in patients with super obesity and chronic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2012;67:727–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Windisch W, Storre JH. Target volume settings for home mechanical ventilation: great progress or just a gadget? Thorax. 2012;67:663–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Perrin C, Unterborn JN, Ambrosio CD, et al. Pulmonary complications of chronic neuromuscular diseases and their management. Muscle Nerve. 2004;29:5–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Simonds AK. Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation in restrictive disorders and stable neuromuscular disease. In: Simonds AK, Herausgeber. Non-invasive Respiratory Support: a Practical Handbook. London: Arnold; 2001. S. 133–45.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Kabitz H, Windisch W. Respiratory muscle testing: state of the art. Pneumologie. 2007;61(9):582–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Bach JR, et al. Oximetry and indications for tracheotomy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Chest. 2004;126(5):1502–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Bach JR, Gonçalves MR, Hamdani I, Winck JC. Extubation of patients with neuromuscular weakness: a new management paradigm. Chest. 2010;137(5):1033–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Simonds AK, Cowie MR. Taboo: crossing the specialty barrier. Eur Resp J. 2005;31:1153–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. Geiseler J, Karg O. Management of secretion in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Pneumologie. 2008;62(1):43–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Carratù P, Spicuzza L, Cassano A, et al. Early treatment with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation prolongs survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients with nocturnal respiratory insufficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2009;10:4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Lechtzin N, Scott Y, Busse AM, Clawson LL, Kimball R, Wiener CM. Early use of non-invasive ventilation prolongs survival in subjects with ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2007;8(3):185–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: multidisciplinary care, symptom management, and cognitive/behavioral impairment (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2009;73(15):1227–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  143. Radunovic A, Annane D, Rafiq MK, Mustafa N. Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;3. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004427.

  144. Mellies U, Ragette R, Dohna-Schwake C, Boehm H, Voit T, Teschler H. Long-term noninvasive ventilation in children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders. Eur Respir J. 2003;22:631–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Mellies U, Dohna-Schwake C, Ragette R, Teschler H, Voit T. Nächtliche nichtinvasive Beatmung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen: Einfluss auf Schlaf und Symptome. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2003;115:855–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Simonds AK, Ward S, Heather S, Bush A, Muntoni F. Outcome of paediatric domiciliary mask ventilation in neuromuscular and skeletal disease. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:476–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Ward S, Chatwin M, Heather S, Simonds AK. Randomised controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for nocturnal hypoventilation in neuromuscular and chest wall disease patients with daytime normocapnia. Thorax. 2005;60:1019–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  148. Wallgren-Pettersson C, Bushby K, Mellies U, Simonds AK. ENMC. 117th ENMC workshop: ventilatory support in congenital neuromuscular disorders: congenital myopathies, congenital muscular dystrophies, congenital myotonic dystrophy and SMA (II). Neuromuscul Disord. 2004;14:56–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Finder JD, Birnkrant D, Carl J, et al. Respiratory care of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ATS consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:456–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Mellies U, Dohna-Schwake C. Neuromuscular disorders. In: Hammer J, Eber E, Herausgeber. Paediatric pulmonary function testing. Progress in respiratory research. Bd. 33. Basel: Karger; 2005. S. 233–46.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  151. Fauroux B, Aubertin G, Lofaso F. NIV and chronic respiratory failure in children. Eur Respir Mon. 2008;41:272–286.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Hammer J. Home mechanical ventilation in children: indications and practical aspects. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 2000;130:1894–902.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Holland AE, Denehy L, Ntoumenopoulos G, Naughton MT, Wilson JW. Non-invasive ventilation assists chest physiotherapy in adults with acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2003;58:880–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  154. Moran F, Bradley JM, Jones AP, Piper AJ. Non-invasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(4):CD002769.

  155. Young AC, Wilson JW, Kotsimbos TC, Naughton MT. Randomised placebo controlled trial of non-invasive ventilation for hypercapnia in cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2008;63:72–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Fauroux B, Le Roux E, Ravilly S, Bellis G, Clement A. Long term non-invasive ventilation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Respiration. 2008;76:168–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Flight WG, Shaw J, Johnson S, et al. Long-term non-invasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis – Experience over two decades. J Cyst Fibros. 2012;11:187–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Eber E, Oberwaldner B. Tracheostomy care in the hospital. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7:175–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Trachsel D, Hammer J. Indications for tracheostomy in children. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7:162–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Oberwaldner B, Eber E. Tracheostomy care in the home. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7(3):185–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Dohna-Schwake C, Ragette R, Teschler H, Voit T, Mellies U. Predictors of severe chest infections in pediatric neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006;16:325–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Healy F, Marcus CL. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in children. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2011;12:253–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Weese-Mayer DE, Berry-Kravis EM, Ceccherini I, Keens TG, Loghmanee DA, Trang H. ATS Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Subcommittee. An official ATS clinical policy statement: congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: genetic basis, diagnosis, and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:626–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Chatwin M, Ross E, Hart N, Nickol AH, Polkey MI, Simonds AK. Cough augmentation with mechanical insufflation/exsufflation in patients with neuromuscular weakness. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:502–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Fauroux B, Guillemont N, Aubertin G, et al. Physiologic benefits of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in children with neuromuscular diseases. Chest. 2008;133:161–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Simonds AK. Ethical aspects of home long term ventilation in children with neuromuscular disease. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2005;6:209–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Zeggwagh AA, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation: a model extubation. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25(10):1077–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Bach JR, Scaporito LR. Criteria for extubation and trachestomy tube removal for patients with ventilatory failure. A different approach to weaning. Chest. 1996;110:1566–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Evans JA, Whitelaw WA. The assessment of maximal respiratory mouth pressures in adults. Respir Care. 2009;54(10):1348–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Hautmann H, Hefele S, Schotten K, et al. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressures (PIMAX) in healthy subjects what is the lower limit of normal? Respir Med. 2000;94(7):689–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Turner LA, Tecklenburg-Lund SL, Chapman RF, et al. Inspiratory muscle training lowers the oxygen cost of voluntary hyperpnea. J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(1):127–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Weiner P, Gross D, Meiner Z, et al. Respiratory muscle training in patients with moderate to severe myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci. 1998;25(3):236–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Hsiao SF, Wu YT, Wu HD, Wang TG. Comparison of effectiveness of pressure threshold and targeted resistance devices for inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003;102(4):240–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Covey MK, Larson JL, Wirtz SE, et al. High-intensity inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severely reduced function. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2001;21(4):231–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Troche MS, Okun MS, Rosenbek JC, et al. Aspiration and swallowing in Parkinson disease and rehabilitation with EMST: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2010;75(21):1912–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  176. Pitts T, Bolser D, Rosenbek J, et al. Impact of expiratory muscle strength training on voluntary cough and swallow function in Parkinson disease. Chest. 2009;135(5):1301–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Fusco C, Zaina F, Atanasio S, et al. Physical exercises in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an updated systematic review. Physiother Theory Pract. 2011;27(1):80–114.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Bennell KL, Matthews B, Greig A, et al. Effects of an exercise and manual therapy program on physical impairments, function and quality-of-life in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a randomised, single-blind controlled pilot trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;17:11–36.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Weiss HR. The effect of an exercise program on vital capacity and rib mobility in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 1991;16:88–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Menadue C, Alison JA, Piper AJ, et al. High- and low-level pressure support during walking in people with severe kyphoscoliosis. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(2):370–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Hornstein S, Inman S, Ledsome JR. Ventilatory muscle training in kyphoscoliosis. Spine. 1987;12:859–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Schmidt I. Assisted cough-physiotherapy to improve expectoration of mucus. Pneumologie. 2008;62(1):23–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. Aboussouan LS. Mechanisms of exercise limitation and pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with neuromuscular disease. Chron Respir Dis. 2010;6(4):231–49.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Dalbello-Haas V, Florence JM, Krivickas LS, et al. Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;16(2):CD005229.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Pinto AC, Alves M, Nogueira A, et al. Can amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with respiratory insuffiency exercise? J Neurol Sci. 1999;169(1–2):69–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Sirithangkul S, Ranganathan S, Robinson PJ, et al. Positive expiratory pressure to enhance cough effectiveness in tracheomalacia. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000;93 Suppl 6:112–8.

    Google Scholar 

  187. De Backer LA, Ides K, Daems D, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation and non-invasive ventilation in COPD Acta. Clin Belg. 2010;65(5):330–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  188. Corner E, Garrod R. Does the addition of non-invasive ventilation during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease augment patient outcome in exercise tolerance? A literature review. Physiother Res Int. 2010;15(1):5–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Gosselink R, De Vos J, van den Heuvel SP, et al. Impact of inspiratory muscle training in patients with COPD: what is the evidence? Eur Respir J. 2011;37(2):416–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Migliori C, Cavazza A, Motta M, Bottino R, Chirico G. Early use of Nasal-BiPAP in two infants with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Acta Paediatrica. 2003;92(7):823–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Messineo A, Giusti F, Name S, Mognato G, Antoniello L, Guglielmi M. The safety of home tracheostomy care for children. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30:1246–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Oberwaldner B. Tracheostoma. In: Rieger C, von der Hardt H, Sennhauser FH, Wahn U, Zach M, Herausgeber. Pädiatrische Pneumologie. Berlin: Springer; 2004. S. 412–417. ISBN 3-540-43627–8.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Tearl DK, Hertzog JH. Home discharge of technology-dependent children: evaluation of a respiratory-therapist driven family education program. Respir Care. 2007;52(2):171–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Dajlby RW, Hogg JC. Effect of breathing dry air on structure and function of airways. J Appl Physiol. 1980;61:312–7.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Mirza S, Hopkinson L, Malik TH, Willatt DJ. The use of inhalers in patients with tracheostomas or tracheostomy tubes. J Laryngol Otol. 1999;113:762–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Kerem E, Yatsiv I, Goitein KJ. Effects of endotracheal suctioning on arterial blood gases in children. Intensive Care Med. 1990;7:227–31.

    Google Scholar 

  197. Raymond S. Normal saline instillation before suctioning: helpful or harmful? A review of the literature. Am J Crit Care. 1995;4:267–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Toussaint M, Chatwin M, Soudon P. Mechanical ventilation in Duchenne patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency: clinical implications of 20 years published experience. Chron Respir Dis. 2007;4(3):167–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Toussaint M, Steens M, Wasteels G, Soudon P. Diurnal ventilation via mouthpiece; survival in end-stage Duchenne patients. Eur Resp J. 2006;28(3):549–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Wildhaber JH. Grundlagen der Inhalationstherapie. In: Rieger C, von der Hardt H, Sennhauser FH, Wahn U, Zach M, Herausgeber. Pädiatrische Pneumologie. Berlin: Springer; 2004. S. 371–378. ISBN 3-540-43627-8.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Oberwaldner B. Physiotherapie. In: Rieger C, von der Hardt H, Sennhauser FH, Wahn U, Zach M, Herausgeber. Pädiatrische Pneumologie. Berlin: Springer; 2004. S. 379–389. ISBN 3-540-43627-8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Pulmologie, Landesklinikum Hochegg, Hocheggerstraße 88, 2840, Grimmenstein, Österreich

    Peter Schenk & Gernot Kühteubl

  2. Klinische Abteilung für Pädiatrische Pulmonologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich

    Ernst Eber, Ulrike Pachernigg & Andreas Pfleger

  3. I. Interne Lungenabteilung, Pulmologisches Zentrum, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Höhe, Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Österreich

    Georg-Christian Funk, Sylvia Hartl & Ingrid Schmidt

  4. Klinische Abteilung für Lungenkrankheiten, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Graz, Graz, Österreich

    Wilfried Fritz

  5. Rehabilitationszentrum Münster, Münster, Österreich

    Peter Heininger

  6. Abteilung für Lungenkrankheiten, Landeskrankenhaus Hörgas-Enzenbach, Eisbach, Österreich

    Eveline Kink

  7. Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich

    Beatrice Oberwaldner

  8. 1. Allgemeine Intensivstation, Wilhelminenspital, Wien, Österreich

    Petra Schandl

  9. Abteilung für Pneumologie, Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl-Natters, Standort Natters, Natters, Österreich

    Markus Stein

Authors
  1. Peter Schenk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ernst Eber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Georg-Christian Funk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wilfried Fritz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sylvia Hartl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Peter Heininger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Eveline Kink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Gernot Kühteubl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Beatrice Oberwaldner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Ulrike Pachernigg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Andreas Pfleger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Petra Schandl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Ingrid Schmidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Markus Stein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Schenk.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

P. Schenk – Referentenhonorar: Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Menarini, InterMune, Takeda, Actelion, Torrex-Chiesi, Linde, Maquet, Novartis; Roche; Advisory Board: Boehringer Ingelheim, Torrex-Chiesi, Actelion, Novartis; Research grants: INOTherapeutics, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Roche; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: Angelini. Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

E. Eber – Referentenhonorar: Honorare von Abbott, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, MSD, Novartis, Nycomed; Advisory Board: Mitwirkung in Advisory Boards von AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, GSK; Research grants: keine; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

G.C. Funk – Referentenhonorar: Orion Pharma, Actelion, B. Braun, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Nycomed, Roche Diagnostics, Dräger, Fresenius; Advisory Board: Takeda Pharma; Research grants: keine; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: keine; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

W. Fritz – Referentenhonorar: Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Novartis; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

S. Hartl – Referentenhonorar: Takeda, Boehringer, GSK; Advisory Board: Böhringer, Takeda, Chiesi, Mundipharma, GSK, Teva, Novartis, Almirall; Research grants: Boehringer, GSK, Novartis, MSD, Astra, als Ludwig Boltzmann Institut; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: keine; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

P. Heininger – Referentenhonorar: Fa.: Actelion, GSK, AOP Orphan, Pfizer; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

E. Kink – Referentenhonorar: Dräger, Habel, Vivisol, Cardinal Health, Menarini; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

G. Kühteubl – Referentenhonorar: Fa.Habel; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

B. Oberwaldner – Referentenhonorar: nein; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

U. Pachernigg – Referentenhonorar: nein; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

A. Pfleger – Referentenhonorar: keine von Firmen; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

P. Schandl – Referentenhonorar: Smith Medical Care, Heinen und Löwenstein; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

I. Schmidt – Referentenhonorar: Air Liquide, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Dräger, Forest, Heinen & Löwenstein, Linde, Menarini, Novartis, AOP, Vivisol; Advisory Board: Chiesi; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: nein.

M. Stein – Referentenhonorar: Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK, Habel; Advisory Board: nein; Research grants: nein; Konsulenten-Tätigkeit: nein; Aktien- oder sonstiger Besitz an pharmazeutischen bzw. medizintechnischen Unternehmen, Patentrechte etc.: keine.

Ethische Standards

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schenk, P., Eber, E., Funk, GC. et al. Nichtinvasive und invasive außerklinische Beatmung beim chronisch respiratorischen Versagen. Wien Klin Wochenschr 128 (Suppl 1), 1–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0899-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0899-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation