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Magnetic nanoparticles for smart electrochemical immunoassays: a review on recent developments

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Abstract

This review (with 129 refs) summarizes the progress in electrochemical immunoassays combined with magnetic particles that was made in the past 5 years. The specifity of antibodies linked to electrochemical transduction (by amperometry, voltammetry, impedimetry or electrochemiluminescence) gains further attractive features by introducing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This enables fairly easy preconcentration of analytes, minimizes matrix effects, and introduces an appropriate label. Following an introduction into the fundamentals of electrochemical immunoassays and on nanomaterials for respective uses, a large chapter addresses method for magnetic capture and preconcentration of analytes. A next chapter discusses commonly used labels such as dots, enzymes, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and combined clusters. The large field of hybrid nanomaterials for use in such immunoassays is discussed next, with a focus on MNPs composites with various kinds of graphene variants, polydopamine, noble metal nanoparticles or nanotubes. Typical applications address clinical markers (mainly blood and urine parameters), diagnosis of cancer (markers and cells), detection of pathogens (with subsections on viruses and bacteria), and environmental and food contaminants as toxic agents and pesticides. A concluding section summarizes the present status, current challenges, and highlights future trends.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with antibodies (Ab) capture and preconcentrate analyte from sample (a) and afterwards become magnetically (b) or immunospecifically (c) bound at an electrode. Signal either increases due to the presence of alabel (b) or decreases as the redox probe is blocked (c).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Masaryk University within the project Support of biochemical research in 2018 (MUNI/A/1100/2017) and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Matěj Pastucha, Zuzana Mikušová & Petr Skládal

  2. Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Matěj Pastucha, Zdeněk Farka, Karel Lacina, Zuzana Mikušová & Petr Skládal

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Pastucha, M., Farka, Z., Lacina, K. et al. Magnetic nanoparticles for smart electrochemical immunoassays: a review on recent developments. Microchim Acta 186, 312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3410-0

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