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Porous palladium-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–coated carbon microspheres/graphene nanoplatelet–modified electrode for flow-based-amperometric hydrazine sensor

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Abstract

A highly stable flow-injection amperometric hydrazine sensor was developed based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with palladium-poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) coated on carbon microspheres/graphene nanoplatelets (Pd-PEDOT@CM/GNP/GCE). The Pd-PEDOT@CM/GNP composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The modified GCE was electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pd-PEDOT@CM/GNP/GCE toward hydrazine oxidation was significantly better than the activity of a bare GCE, a CM/GCE, a GNP/GCE, a Pd-PEDOT/GCE, and a Pd-PEDOT@CM/GCE. The sensor operated best at a low working potential of + 0.10 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Under optimal conditions, sensitivity toward hydrazine detection and operational stability (601 injections/one electrode preparation) were excellent. The response was linear from 1.0 to 100 μmol L−1 and from 100 to 5000 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.28 ± 0.02 μmol L−1 and high sensitivity of 0.200 μA μM−1 cm−2. The sensor showed good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 1.4%, n = 15), reproducibility (RSD < 2.7%, n = 6), and anti-interference characteristics toward hydrazine detection. The feasibility of the electrochemical sensor was proved by the successful determination of hydrazine in water samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained from spectrophotometric analysis.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Mr. Thomas Duncan Coyne, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand, for assistance with the English.

Funding

The authors received grants from the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D-program (RGJ) supported by the Thailand Research Fund (PHD/0212/2559); the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Prince of Songkla University (grant no. RSA 6280081); the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation; the Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor (TAB-CoE), and the Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Kiattisak Promsuwan & Warakorn Limbut

  2. Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Kiattisak Promsuwan & Warakorn Limbut

  3. Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Kiattisak Promsuwan

  4. Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand

    Jariya Thongtawat & Warakorn Limbut

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  1. Kiattisak Promsuwan
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Correspondence to Warakorn Limbut.

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Promsuwan, K., Thongtawat, J. & Limbut, W. Porous palladium-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–coated carbon microspheres/graphene nanoplatelet–modified electrode for flow-based-amperometric hydrazine sensor. Microchim Acta 187, 539 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04470-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04470-w

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