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Endovaskuläre Hybridoperationen im Aortenbogen – quo vadis?

Endovascular hybrid operations of the aortic arch – quo vadis?

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Zusammenfassung

Die endovaskulären Hybridoperationen im Aortenbogen sind heute fester Bestandteil im Spektrum der chirurgischen Maßnahmen zur Behandlung von Aortenbogenpathologien. Sie erweitern deutlich das therapeutische Fenster für die endovaskuläre Behandlung von thorakalen Aortenläsionen (TEVAR) im Bereich des Aortenbogens. Die Erfahrungen internationaler Zentren zeigen, dass akzeptable Ergebnisse mit dieser Methode erzielt werden können. Damit stellt das supraaortische Debranching auch eine attraktive Lösung für Patienten mit eingeschränkten kardiopulmonalen Reserven dar, die für eine offene Bogenrekonstruktion nicht geeignet sind. Des Weiteren erlaubt es eine Ausweitung der Indikationen für TEVAR zur Schaffung einer ausreichenden proximalen Landungszone, da die große Mehrzahl der Pathologien in enger anatomischer Nachbarschaft zu den Kopf-Hals-Gefäßen lokalisiert ist. Die gegenwärtige Technologie der kommerziellen Endoprothesen wurde nicht für den Aortenbogen konzipiert („off-labet use“). Daher können die speziellen Anforderungen der Morphologie, Physiologie und Hämodynamik des Aortenbogens nur teilweise erfüllt werden. Dennoch werden kontinuierliche Verbesserungen und Innovationen bei der Entwicklung zukünftiger Endoprothesen dazu führen, die Invasivität weiter zu reduzieren. Ein erster Schritt sind die Single-Sidebranch-Endoprothesen, die ein extrathorakales Debranching für den kompletten endovaskulären Bogenersatz erlauben. Die endovaskulären Hybrideingriffe werden auch künftig das individualisierte Therapiekonzept im Bereich des Aortenbogens bereichern.

Abstract

Endovascular hybrid operations of the aortic arch are now an integral part of the spectrum of surgical measures for treatment of pathologies of the aortic arch. They greatly widen the therapeutic window for endovascular treatment of thoracic aorta lesions (TEVAR) in the region of the aortic arch. The experiences of international centers show that acceptable results can be achieved with these methods. Supra-aortic debranching is also an attractive solution for patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserves who are not suitable for open aortic arch reconstruction. Furthermore, it allows an extension of the indications for TEVAR to establish a sufficient proximal landing zone, because the vast majority of pathologies are localized in close anatomical neighborhood to the head and neck vessels. The present technology of commercial endoprostheses was not designed for the aortic arch (off-label use), therefore, the special demands of the morphology, physiology and hemodynamics of the aortic arch can only partly be fulfilled. Nevertheless, continuous improvements and innovations in the development of future endoprostheses will lead to a further reduction in invasiveness. Single sidebranch endoprostheses are the first step and allow an extrathoracic debranching for the complete endovascular arch replacement. Endovascular hybrid interventions will also enrich the individualized therapy concept in the region of the aortic arch in the future.

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Schumacher, H., Böckler, D., Ockert, S. et al. Endovaskuläre Hybridoperationen im Aortenbogen – quo vadis?. Gefässchirurgie 14, 219–229 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-008-0660-2

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