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Deletion of Tfam in Prx1-Cre expressing limb mesenchyme results in spontaneous bone fractures

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Abstract

Introduction

Osteoblasts require substantial amounts of energy to synthesize the bone matrix and coordinate skeleton mineralization. This study analyzed the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on bone formation, nano-organization of collagen and apatite, and the resultant mechanical function in mouse limbs.

Materials and methods

Limb mesenchyme-specific Tfam knockout (Tfamf/f;Prx1-Cre: Tfam-cKO) mice were analyzed morphologically and histologically, and gene expressions in the limb bones were assessed by in situ hybridization, qPCR, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Moreover, we analyzed the mitochondrial function of osteoblasts in Tfam-cKO mice using mitochondrial membrane potential assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We investigated the pathogenesis of spontaneous bone fractures using immunohistochemical analysis, TEM, birefringence analyzer, microbeam X-ray diffractometer and nanoindentation.

Results

Forelimbs in Tfam-cKO mice were significantly shortened from birth, and spontaneous fractures occurred after birth, resulting in severe limb deformities. Histological and RNA-seq analyses showed that bone hypoplasia with a decrease in matrix mineralization was apparent, and the expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin was decreased in osteoblasts of Tfam-cKO mice, although Runx2 expression was unchanged. Decreased type I collagen deposition and mineralization in the matrix of limb bones in Tfam-cKO mice were associated with marked mitochondrial dysfunction. Tfam-cKO mice bone showed a significantly lower Young’s modulus and hardness due to poor apatite orientation which is resulted from decreased osteocalcin expression.

Conclusion

Mice with limb mesenchyme-specific Tfam deletions exhibited spontaneous limb bone fractures, resulting in severe limb deformities. Bone fragility was caused by poor apatite orientation owing to impaired osteoblast differentiation and maturation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank L. Nils-Göran, T. Miyazaki and Y. Nakamichi for gifting the mice. We thank M. Hirosawa, K. Kondo, and M. Miwa for technical assistance. Our research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (JP18H02922).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan

    Hiroki Yoshioka, Shingo Komura, Norishige Kuramitsu, Atsushi Goto & Haruhiko Akiyama

  2. Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Tomoka Hasegawa & Norio Amizuka

  3. Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

    Takuya Ishimoto, Ryosuke Ozasa & Takayoshi Nakano

  4. Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan

    Yuuki Imai

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  1. Hiroki Yoshioka
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Contributions

HY, SK and HA proposed the research project, designed and performed experiments, and wrote the manuscript. NK, AG, TH, TI, RO and YI performed experiments. NA and TN provided technical guidance.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haruhiko Akiyama.

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The experimental design and study protocols were approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of Gifu University and were performed in compliance with the Animal Research: Reporting of in Vivo Experimental (ARRIVE) guidelines.

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774_2022_1354_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file1 Supplemental Figure 1 (a) PCR analysis of genomic DNA isolated from the humerus of Tfam-cKO and Tfamf/f (control) mice at postnatal 6 days. (b) Expression of Tfam in the humerus at postnatal 6 days by qPCR (n=6, 3 biological replicates, 2 technical replicates) Supplemental Figure 2 (a) Immunofluorescence staining of Ki67 in the humerus at postnatal 6 days. The bars denote 100 μm. (b) TUNEL assay in hypertrophic zone (the upper frame) and in trabecular bone (the lower frame) to detect apoptosis in the humerus at postnatal 6 days. The bars denote 100 μm. (c) The number of TUNEL-positive cells in hypertrophic zone and in trabecular bone of humerus. The mean values ± SD and each value plot of the number of TUNEL-positive cells are shown (4 biological replicates) Supplemental Figure 3 Proteomic analysis using protein samples extracted from the cortex of the humerus in Tfam-cKO and control mice at postnatal 6 days (n=1, one biological sample). Col1a1: collagen type I alpha 1; Col1a2: collagen type I alpha 2 Supplemental Figure 4 Expression of SOD genes in the humerus at postnatal 6 days by qPCR. The mean values ± SD of the expression ratio to β-actin are shown (3 biological replicates and 3 technical replicates) (PDF 323 KB)

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Yoshioka, H., Komura, S., Kuramitsu, N. et al. Deletion of Tfam in Prx1-Cre expressing limb mesenchyme results in spontaneous bone fractures. J Bone Miner Metab 40, 839–852 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-022-01354-2

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