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Investigation of combined photodynamic and radiotherapy effects of gallium phthalocyanine chloride on MCF-7 breast cancer cells

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Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the effect of gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPcCl) as a radio- and photosensitizer on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. We incubated cells with GaPcCl in different concentrations (from 3.125 to 100 μg/ml). Then cells in separate groups were exposed to different light doses (1.8 and 2.8 J/cm2) at wavelength of 660 nm and 2-Gy X-ray ionizing radiation, alone and in combination. Finally, cell survival and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that the deactivated GaPcCl at concentration of 100 µg/ml reduces the cell viability up to 15%. While, photoactivated GaPcCl (100 µg/ml) at light dose of 2.8 J/cm2 significantly decreases cell viability up to 55.3%. Although MTT assay demonstrated that GaPcCl is not act as a radiosensitizer, flow cytometry showed significant increase in cell apoptosis when GaPcCl was exposed to 2 Gy X-ray. Using of GaPcCl-PDT (photodynamic therapy) integration with X-ray substantially increased cell death in comparison to the absence of X-ray. Furthermore, flow cytometry displayed a significant increase in apoptosis cells (especially late apoptosis) in this combination therapy. Our result proved that GaPcCl is an effective photosensitizer in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The combination of GaPcCl-PDT and radiotherapy can be an efficient treatment against cancer. This approach needs further investigations on animal models for human purposes.

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Acknowledgements

This study has been supported by Iran University of Medical Sciences, Grant number: 28843.

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Author notes

  1. Ali Neshasteh-Riz and Alireza Montazerabadi contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran

    Sara Mayahi, Ali Neshasteh-Riz & Samira Eynali

  2. Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Mayahi & Ali Neshasteh-Riz

  3. Medical Laser Research Center, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran

    Majid Pornour

  4. Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Alireza Montazerabadi

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  1. Sara Mayahi
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  2. Ali Neshasteh-Riz
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Mayahi, S., Neshasteh-Riz, A., Pornour, M. et al. Investigation of combined photodynamic and radiotherapy effects of gallium phthalocyanine chloride on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 25, 39–48 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-019-01730-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-019-01730-w

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