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Breaking size-segregation waves and mobility feedback in dense granular avalanches

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Abstract

Through experiments and discrete particle method (DPM) simulations we present evidence for the existence of a recirculating structure, that exists near the front of dense granular avalanches, and is known as a breaking size-segregation (BSS) wave. This is achieved through the study of three-dimensional bidisperse granular flows in a moving-bed channel. Particle-size segregation gives rise to the formation of a large-particle-rich front and a small-particle-rich tail with a BSS wave positioned between the tail and front. We experimentally resolve the structure of the BSS wave using refractive-index matched scanning and find that it is qualitatively similar to the structure observed in DPM simulations. Our analysis demonstrates a relation between the concentration of small particles in the flow and the amount of basal slip, in which the structure of the BSS wave plays a key role. This leads to a feedback between the mean bulk flow velocity and the process of particle-size segregation. Ultimately, these findings shed new light on the recirculation of large and small grains near avalanche fronts and the effects of this behaviour on the mobility of the bulk flow.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Dutch STW VIDI project No. 13472, the Swiss SNF Grant No. 200021-149441, and by NERC grants NE/-E003206/1 and NE/K003011/1 as well as EPSRC grants EP/I019189/1, EP/K00428X/1 and EP/M022447/1. J.M.N.T.G. is a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holder (WM150058) and an EPSRC Established Career Fellow (EP/M022447/1). The authors are grateful to B. de Graffenried for technical assistance, to M. Teuscher for designing and building the experimental setup, and to J.-L. Pfister for assistance with the experiments and analysis. The authors also thank H. Capart for providing the Voronoï tracking code and the referees for helping to improve this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    K. van der Vaart

  2. Multiscale Mechanics, ET/MESA+, University of Twente, P.O. 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands

    A. R. Thornton & T. Weinhart

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    L. Jing

  4. Henry Moseley X-Ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    P. Gajjar

  5. School of Mathematics and Manchester centre for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    C. G. Johnson & J. M. N. T. Gray

  6. Environmental Hydraulics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Écublens, Lausanne, Switzerland

    C. Ancey

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  1. K. van der Vaart
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van der Vaart, K., Thornton, A.R., Johnson, C.G. et al. Breaking size-segregation waves and mobility feedback in dense granular avalanches. Granular Matter 20, 46 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-018-0818-x

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