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Applicability of the geological strength index (GSI) classification for very weak and sheared rock masses. The case of the Athens Schist Formation

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Abstract

 The Athens Schist Formation includes a wide variety of metasedimentary rocks, varying from strong or medium strong rocks such as sericite metasandstone, limestone, greywacke, sericite schist through to weak rocks such as metasiltstone, clayey and silty shale and phyllite. The overall rock mass is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic owing to the combined effect of advanced weathering and severe tectonic stressing that gave rise to intense folding and shearing followed by extensional faulting, which resulted in highly weathered rock masses and numerous shear and/or mylonite zones with distinct downgraded engineering properties. This paper is focused on the applicability of the GSI classification system to these highly heterogeneous rock masses and proposes an extension of the GSI system to account for the foliated or laminated weak rocks in the lower range of its applicability.

Résumé

La formation des Schistes d' Athènes correspond à une large variété de roches légèrement métamorphiques, comprenant de roches à résistance élevée, comme les grès à séricite, des calcaires crystallins, des schistes à séricite, mais aussi des roches tendres comme les schistes argilleux et les phyllades. La masse rocheuse constitue un ensemble très hétérogène et anisotrope, surtout si l'on y ajoute une altération souvent avancée et une tectonique intense. Une phase compressive sévère a en effet provoqué des cisaillements importants, le massif ayant été par la suite affectée de failles normales; les zones mylonitiques sont donc très fréquentes. Cet article engage la discussion sur l'application de la classification GSI proposée par Hoek à ces masses rocheuses tres hétérogènes et propose une extension de son champ d'application aux roches feuilletées et cisaillées à faible résistance.

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Received: 5 March 1998 · Accepted: 13 July 1998

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Hoek, E., Marinos, P. & Benissi, M. Applicability of the geological strength index (GSI) classification for very weak and sheared rock masses. The case of the Athens Schist Formation. Bull Eng Geol Environ 57, 151–160 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100640050031

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s100640050031

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