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Total joint replacement improves pain, functional quality of life, and health utilities in patients with late-stage knee and hip osteoarthritis for up to 5 years

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Abstract

Objectives

To study and identify the determinants of the impact on pain, function, and quality of life of a prosthetic replacement surgery after 5 years of survival in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the lower limb.

Method

In total, 626 osteoarthritic patients from a University Hospital, divided in 2 groups (according to surgical site), were prospectively followed for 5 years after hip (n = 346) or knee (n = 280) replacement. Validated specific Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and generic (SF-36 and EQ) instruments assessing quality of life were used prior to surgery and yearly, thereafter. We defined a good outcome as a clinically relevant improvement in WOMAC greater than or equal to the minimally important difference (MID). Regressions showed the relationships among preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative measures and the evolution of WOMAC scores after 5 years (percent change). We also examined any predictors of good outcomes.

Results

The beneficial effect on quality of life observed during the first year after hip and knee arthroplasty (HA and KA) was maintained for up to 5 years. More than 3/4 of the patients in our study experienced a good outcome (86.04% in HA group and 79.91% in KA group). Both the good outcome and the 5-year change in WOMAC are predicted by preoperative (i.e., radiological severity, comorbidities, disability, and level of education), perioperative (i.e., length of hospital stay and place of discharge), and postoperative (i.e., complications) variables in the two groups.

Conclusions

Joint arthroplasty is a highly valuable therapeutic strategy for hip or knee OA patients who do not respond to pharmacological management. These results represent a step towards the collection of robust, scientifically sound data that will facilitate the completion of health economic analyses in the field of OA.

Key Points:

• This study reports the long term outcomes of hip and knee replacement surgery in late-stage OA.

• We identified pre-, per-, and post-operative determinants which contribute to a greater improvement in pain and function, hence increasing patients’ satisfaction.

• These results could contribute to select an OA population which has a high probability to get an optimal benefit from total joint replacement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Aging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Audrey Neuprez MD, MPH, Arnaud Henri Neuprez, Olivier Bruyère PHD & Jean-Yves Reginster MD, PHD

  2. Rehabilitation and Sports Traumatology Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Audrey Neuprez MD, MPH & Jean-François Kaux MD, PHD

  3. Orthopedic Surgery Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium

    William Kurth MD, Christophe Daniel MD, Thierry Thirion MD, Jean-Pierre Huskin MD & Philippe Gillet MD,PHD

  4. Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Jean-Yves Reginster MD, PHD

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  1. Audrey Neuprez MD, MPH
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  2. Arnaud Henri Neuprez
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Contributions

AN participated in the design of the study, analysis and interpretation of the data, and manuscript preparation.

AHN participated in the analysis of the data and revising of the manuscript.

WK, CD, TT, JPH, JFK, and PG participated in the design of the study and revising of the manuscript.

OB and JYR participated in the design of the study, interpretation of the data, and manuscript preparation.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Audrey Neuprez MD, MPH.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the University Hospital of Liege Ethics Committee (approval number B70720084766).

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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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Neuprez, A., Neuprez, A.H., Kaux, JF. et al. Total joint replacement improves pain, functional quality of life, and health utilities in patients with late-stage knee and hip osteoarthritis for up to 5 years. Clin Rheumatol 39, 861–871 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04811-y

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