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Association between comorbidities and extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a multicenter cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Introduction

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) has been related to a higher risk of comorbidities, but studies examining comorbidities among patients with and without extraglandular manifestations are limited. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in Chinese pSS patients and to determine the relationship between comorbidities and extraglandular manifestations.

Method

This cross-sectional study was based on the multicenter pSS registry established by the Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. Patients fulfilling the 2002 American-European criteria or the 2016 classification criteria for pSS were enrolled from May 2016 to December 2018. Demographic data, disease characteristics, comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorder, malignancy, and fragility fracture), and extraglandular manifestations were collected. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationships between comorbidities and extraglandular manifestations.

Results

A total of 4087 pSS patients were included (95.7% female and mean age of 51.2 ± 13.1 years). The baseline prevalence of comorbidities was 3.8% for cardiovascular diseases, 12.1% for thyroid disorders, 1.8% for malignancies, and 1.7% for fragility fractures. The presence of extraglandular manifestations was associated with more comorbidities. Patients with more than one extraglandular manifestation had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.221–3.288), thyroid disorder (aOR 1.380, 95% CI 1.022–1.863), and fragility fracture (aOR 2.684, 95% CI 1.505–4.786) after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration, and the significant variables in the univariate analysis.

Conclusions

The presence of extraglandular manifestations in pSS was associated with an increased comorbidity burden, especially cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorder, and fragility fracture.

Key Points

• This is the first study assessing the association between extraglandular manifestations and comorbidity burden based on the largest pSS registry in China.

• Patients with multiple extraglandular manifestations tend to have increased comorbid cardiovascular disease, thyroid disorder, and fragility fracture.

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Data availability

The principal investigators, Dong Xu and Yan Zhao, had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledged the contributions from all medical centers in the CRDC all over China and the HealthCloud Co., Ltd. as the system provider.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology (2017YFC0907601, 2017YFC0907605).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yuying Zhang, Mengtao Li, and Liyun Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China

    Yuying Zhang, Mengtao Li, Jiuliang Zhao, Dong Xu, Yan Zhao & Xiaofeng Zeng

  2. Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China

    Liyun Zhang

  3. Department of Rheumatology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China

    Qin Li

  4. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China

    Pinting Yang

  5. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

    Xiaodan Kong

  6. Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    Xinwang Duan

  7. Department of Rheumatology, Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China

    Miaojia Zhang

  8. Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China

    Xiaomei Li

  9. Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China

    Yongfu Wang

  10. Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China

    Jian Xu

  11. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Yanhong Wang

  12. Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Evelyn Hsieh

Authors
  1. Yuying Zhang
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  2. Mengtao Li
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  3. Liyun Zhang
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  4. Qin Li
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  15. Dong Xu
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  16. Yan Zhao
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  17. Xiaofeng Zeng
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Contributions

MTL, LYZ, JLZ, DX, YZ, and XFZ contributed to the conception and design of the study. LYZ, QL, JL, PTY, XDK, XWD, MJZ, XML, YFW, and JX contributed to data collection. YYZ and YHW participated in statistical analysis and interpretation. YYZ drafted the manuscript. MTL, YHW, EH, and DX revised the manuscript critically. DX, MTL, YZ, and XFZ supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Dong Xu or Yan Zhao.

Ethics declarations

Written informed consent was obtained from all patients at enrollment. Ethics approval for the registry was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH, JS-2038).

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Zhang, Y., Li, M., Zhang, L. et al. Association between comorbidities and extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Clin Rheumatol 39, 2677–2688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-04992-x

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