Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the SCOPA-Sleep—German version

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neurological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim of the study was the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the German version of the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-Sleep Scale (SCOPA-Sleep) for assessment of night-time sleep problems (NS) and daytime sleepiness (DS). Eighty-three patients with Parkinson’s disease completed the SCOPA-Sleep and a multitude of measures for assessment of validity (e.g., PSQI, ESS). Twenty patients completed the SCOPA-Sleep twice within 2 months for assessment of retest reliability. Sixty-four healthy controls were also included for validity estimation. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was good with coefficients of .801 and .854 for SCOPA-NS and SCOPA-DS, respectively. Test-retest reliability and inter-rater agreement were excellent. Factor analysis revealed two factors, one for each of the subscales NS and DS. Convergent validity was high with correlations of .797 between SCOPA-NS and PSQI, and .679 between SCOPA-DS and ESS. The German version of the SCOPA-Sleep showed good diagnostic accuracy. Optimal cutoff scores were calculated, resulting in an AUC of .908 for NS and of .959 for DS. The German version of the SCOPA-Sleep is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing NS and DS in patients with Parkinson’s disease. As diagnostic accuracy is excellent, this scale can be recommended for routine assessment of both NS and DS in PD combined with other standard measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

DS:

Daytime sleepiness

ESS:

Epworth-Sleepiness Scale

NS:

Nocturnal sleep

PDSS:

Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale

PSQI:

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

SCOPA:

Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease

References

  1. Zhu K, van Hilten JJ, Marinus J (2016) Associated and predictive factors of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson;s disease. J Neurol 263:1215–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8130-3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Verbaan D, van Rooden SM, Visser M, Marinus J, van Hilten JJ (2008) Nighttime sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 23:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21727

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tandberg E, Larsen JP, Karlsen K (1999) Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep benefit in Parkinson’s disease: a community-based study. Mov Disord 14:922–927. https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<922:AID-MDS1003>3.0.CO;2-7

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Martinez-Martin P (2011) The importance of non-motor disturbances to quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 310:12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.05.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kurtis MM, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Martinez-Martin P (2013) Relationship between sleep disorders and other non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:1152–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dhawan V, Healy DG, Pal S, Chaudhuri KR (2006) Sleep-related problems of Parkinson’s disease. Age Ageing 35:220–228. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afj087

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P (2017) Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 18:435–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.62

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Braak H, Ghebremedhin E, Rüb U, Bratzke H, del Tredici K (2004) Stages in the development of Parkinson’s disease-related pathology. Cell Tissue Res 318:121–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-004-0956-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Weerkamp NJ, Tissingh G, Poels PJE, Zuidema SU, Munneke M, Koopmans RTCM, Bloem BR (2013) Nonmotor symptoms in nursing home residents with Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and effect on quality of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 61:1714–1721. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Chaudhuri KR, Odin P, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P (2011) Parkinson’s disease: the non-motor issues. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17:717–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.02.018

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Forsaa EB, Larsen JP, Wentzel-Larsen T, Herlofson K, Alves G (2008) Predictors and course of health-related quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 23:1420–1427. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Caap-Ahlgren M, Dehlin O (2001) Insomnia and depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 32:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4943(00)00087-X

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Menza M, Dobkin RD, Marin H et al (2010) Sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 25:S117–S122. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22788

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Högl B, Arnulf I, Comella C, Ferreira J, Iranzo A, Tilley B, Trenkwalder C, Poewe W, Rascol O, Sampaio C, Stebbins GT, Schrag A, Goetz CG (2010) Scales to assess sleep impairment in Parkinson’s disease: critique and recommendations. Mov Disord 25:2704–2716. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23190

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH et al (1989) The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28:193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chaudhuri KR, Pal S, DiMarco A, Whately-Smith C, Bridgman K, Mathew R, Pezzela FR, Forbes A, Högl B, Trenkwalder C (2002) The Parkinson’s disease sleep scale: a new instrument for assessing sleep and nocturnal disability in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73:629–635. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.6.629

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Trenkwalder C, Kohnen R, Högl B, Metta V, Sixel-Döring F, Frauscher B, Hülsmann J, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR (2011) Parkinson’s disease sleep scale—validation of the revised version PDSS-2. Mov Disord 26:644–652. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23476

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Martinez-Martin P, Visser M, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Marinus J, Chaudhuri KR, van Hilten J, SCOPA-Propark Group, ELEP Group (2008) SCOPA-sleep and PDSS: two scales for assessment of sleep disorder in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 23:1681–1688. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Marinus J, Visser M, van Hilten JJ, Lammers GJ, Stiggelbout AM (2003) Assessment of sleep and sleepiness in Parkinson disease. Sleep 26:1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.8.1049

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hagell P, Westergren A, Janelidze S, Hansson O (2016) The Swedish SCOPA-SLEEP for assessment of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease and healthy controls. Qual Life Res 25:2571–2577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1318-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Cervantes-Arriaga A, Rodríguez-Violante M, Vélez-Cedeño A et al (2011) A pilot validation study of the SCOPA-sleep scale in Mexican patients with Parkinson disease. Rev Mex Neuroci 12:346–351

    Google Scholar 

  22. Setthawatcharawanich S, Limapichat K, Sathirapanya P, Phabphal K (2011) Validation of the Thai SCOPA-sleep scale for assessment of sleep and sleepiness in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Med Assoc Thail 94:179–184

    Google Scholar 

  23. Martínez-Martín P, Carroza-García E, Frades-Payo B, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Forjaz MJ, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Grupo ELEP (2009) Psychometric attributes of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Psychosocial (SCOPA-PS): validation in Spain and review. Rev Neurol 49:1–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ramaker C, Marinus J, Stiggelbout AM, van Hilten BJ (2002) Systematic evaluation of rating scales for impairment and disability in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 17:867–876. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gjersing L, Caplehorn JRM, Clausen T (2010) Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: language, setting, time and statistical considerations. BMC Med Res Methodol 10:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-10-13

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Riemann D, Backhaus J (1996) Behandlung von Schlafstörungen: Ein psychologisches Gruppenprogramm. Materialien für die psychosoziale Praxis. Weinheim, Beltz Psychologie-Verl.-Union

    Google Scholar 

  27. Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 14:540–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Dewey JE (1999) How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: a manual for users of the SF-8 TM health survey. QualityMetric Incorporated, Lincoln

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chagas MHN, Tumas V, Rodrigues GR, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Filho AS, Hallak JEC, Crippa JAS (2013) Validation and internal consistency of patient health questionnaire-9 for major depression in Parkinson’s disease. Age Ageing 42:645–649. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/aft065

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Weir JP (2005) Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res 19:231–240. https://doi.org/10.1519/15184.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhu K, van Hilten JJ, Marinus J (2016) Course and risk factors for excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 24:34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Cornelia Braunert for the assistance in data acquisition. Maren Hinck helped in the manuscript preparation, which is sincerely appreciated by the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology - Christian-Albrechts University, Olshausenstraße 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Simone Goebel

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Str, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Elisabeth Steinmann

  3. Institute for Psychology, University of Halle, Brandbergweg 23c, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany

    Bernd Leplow

  4. Mehdorn Consilium, Prüner Gang 7, 24103, Kiel, Germany

    H. Maximilian Mehdorn

Authors
  1. Simone Goebel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elisabeth Steinmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bernd Leplow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. Maximilian Mehdorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simone Goebel.

Ethics declarations

The study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict interest.

Additional information

Highlights

• The German SCOPA-Sleep was culturally adapted and validated.

• It can be recommended as routine screening tool for both disorders of nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Goebel, S., Steinmann, E., Leplow, B. et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the SCOPA-Sleep—German version. Neurol Sci 39, 1225–1230 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3397-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3397-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation