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Effectiveness of natural protected areas for preventing land use and land cover changes of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico

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Abstract

Natural protected areas (NPA) are portions of the Mexican territory where the original environment has not been modified and which are protected in order to conserve, restore, and develop biodiversity. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of 18 NPA located within the Transmexican Volcanic Belt by analyzing deforestation and land use and land cover change (LULCC) between 2002 and 2014. An index of effectiveness (EI) was obtained by adding three parameters: (1) the percentage of the transformed area (TA%), (2) the rate of change inside the NPA (LULCC-R), and (3) the difference between the rate of change inside the NPA and outside (buffer). The sum of the three standardized parameters forms the EI, where NPA were classified as effective (index value > 2), weakly effective (index value between 1 and 2), and noneffective (index value < 1). In addition, we identified the most important transitions between categories of LULCC for each NPA. Only three NPA were classified as effective: Ciénegas de Lerma (EI = 2.29), Volcán Nevado de Colima (EI = 2.08), and Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl (EI = 2.06). Eleven were weakly effective, and the remaining four were noneffective. Bosencheve was the least effective (with all parameters in 0). In terms of transition probabilities in each effectiveness class, effective NPA were characterized by transition probabilities of forest cover recovery. Weakly effective NPA presented exchange probabilities between forest cover and land use. Finally, in noneffective NPA, probabilities indicated transitions from forest cover to agricultural and livestock land use. Our results show that, in general, NPA are not currently effective in containing LULCC processes in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt.

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Acknowledgments

This research was carried out through the support of the Program UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT, Project IN217717. Lynna Kiere reviewed the English writing of this manuscript. Luis José Aguirre-López designed the flowchart.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Biogeografía de la Conservación, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    María Alejandra Aguilar-Tomasini & Tania Escalante

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Geomática e Hidráulica, División de Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Michelle Farfán

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  1. María Alejandra Aguilar-Tomasini
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Correspondence to Tania Escalante.

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Communicated by Tony Weir

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Aguilar-Tomasini, M.A., Escalante, T. & Farfán, M. Effectiveness of natural protected areas for preventing land use and land cover changes of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico. Reg Environ Change 20, 84 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01660-3

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