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Genetic structure of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) in northern Japan and adjacent regions revealed by nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial gene sequences

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Abstract

The genetic structure of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) was studied across the natural range of the species, including two small isolated populations in south Sakhalin and Hayachine, by using six microsatellite loci and maternally inherited mitochondrial gene sequences. We also analyzed P. jezoensis, a sympatric spruce in the range. Genetic diversity of P. glehnii was higher in central Hokkaido and the lowest in the Hayachine. Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analysis by using the microsatellites indicated that the Hayachine was clearly distinct from other populations, implying that it had undergone strong genetic drift since the last glacial period. P. glehnii harbored four mitochondrial haplotypes, two of which were shared with P. jezoensis. One of the two was observed without geographical concentration, suggesting its derivation from ancestral polymorphism. Another was observed in south Sakhalin and in P. jezoensis across Sakhalin. The Bayesian clustering—by using four microsatellite loci, including P. jezoensis populations—indicated unambiguous species delimitation, but with possible admixture of P. jezoensis genes into P. glehnii in south Sakhalin, where P. glehnii is abundantly overwhelmed by P. jezoensis; this might explain the occurrence of introgression of the haplotype of P. jezoensis into P. glehnii.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Y. Tsumura, Y. Taguchi, and Y. Kawamata (Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry, and Forest Products Research Institute) for their technical help with the experiment, and thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank the regional offices of the Forestry Agency, Japan, and prefectural offices for permitting sampling. This study was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#19780111 and #21780141) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan

    Mineaki Aizawa

  2. Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1833-81, Todori-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0843, Japan

    Hiroshi Yoshimaru

  3. Breeding 1st Division, Breeding Department, Forest Tree Breeding Centre, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan

    Makoto Takahashi

  4. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan

    Takayuki Kawahara & Hisashi Sugita

  5. Division of Environmental Resources, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Hideyuki Saito

  6. Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693022, Russia

    Renat N. Sabirov

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  1. Mineaki Aizawa
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Correspondence to Mineaki Aizawa.

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Aizawa, M., Yoshimaru, H., Takahashi, M. et al. Genetic structure of Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) in northern Japan and adjacent regions revealed by nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial gene sequences. J Plant Res 128, 91–102 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-014-0682-7

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