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Pollination system and the effect of inflorescence size on fruit set in the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata

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Abstract

Larger inflorescences in reward-producing plants can benefit plants by increasing both pollinator attraction and the duration of visits by individual pollinators. However, ultimately, inflorescence size is determined by the balance between the benefits of large inflorescences and the increased cost of geitonogamy. At present, little is known about the relationship between inflorescence size and fecundity in deceptive plants. Given that pollinators are likely to leave inflorescences lacking rewards quickly, it seems unlikely that longer pollinator visits and the risk of geitonogamy would be strong selective pressures in these species, which indicates that pollinator attraction might be the most important factor influencing their inflorescence size. Here we examined the pollination ecology of the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata in order to clarify the effects of inflorescence size on the fruit set of this non-rewarding species. Field observations of the floral visitors showed that C. falcata is pollinated by the andrenid bee Andrena aburana, whilst pollination experiments demonstrated that this orchid species is neither autogamous nor apogamous, but is strongly pollinator dependent. Three consecutive years of field observations revealed that fruit set was positively correlated with the number of flowers per inflorescence. These results provide strong evidence that the nectarless orchid C. falcata benefits from producing larger inflorescences that attract a greater number of innate pollinators. Large inflorescences may have a greater positive effect on fruit set in deceptive plants because a growing number of studies suggest that fruit set in reward-producing plants is usually unaffected by display size.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science grant (22247003) to MK, and a JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (12J00602) to KS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Kenji Suetsugu & Makoto Kato

  2. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Risa S. Naito

  3. Chiba Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 1887-1, Haniya, Sanbu, Chiba, 289-1223, Japan

    Shigeki Fukushima

  4. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan

    Atsushi Kawakita

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  1. Kenji Suetsugu
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  4. Atsushi Kawakita
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Correspondence to Kenji Suetsugu.

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Suetsugu, K., Naito, R.S., Fukushima, S. et al. Pollination system and the effect of inflorescence size on fruit set in the deceptive orchid Cephalanthera falcata . J Plant Res 128, 585–594 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0716-9

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