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Resolving the non‐papilionaceous flower of Camoensia scandens, a papilionoid legume of the core genistoid clade: development, glands and insights into the pollination and systematics of the group

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Abstract

Camoensia scandens is a papilionoid legume inserted in the core genistoid clade. It has large, crepuscular, scented flowers but the corolla is non-papilionaceous, which deviates from the pattern found in the subfamily. The vexillum has a folded claw, forming a tube, which is opposed to the androecium opening; all petals have yellow-gold crinkled margins. In addition, there is a long hypanthium, which stores a translucid liquid. The goal of this study is to elucidate the ontogenetic pathways that result in such a peculiar flower and the glands responsible for the sweet fragrance of the petals. Floral buds and flowers were processed for SEM, TEM and light microscopy analyses. Five sepals arise unidirectionally followed by five petals that initiate simultaneously. After the petals, 11 stamens emerge unidirectionally; a pair of adaxial stamens is opposite to the vexillum. In the intermediate developmental stages the sepals unite basally; the two adaxial sepals unite with each other to a greater extent than with the other sepals. The filaments are basally connate, forming a tube with an adaxial opening at the base. The carpel emerges concomitantly with the two abaxial antepetalous stamens. The long hypanthium forms from the outer floral organs (base of the sepals, petals, filaments) and is attached to the base of the stipe. The corolla is noticeable in the intermediate stages of development. The crinkled golden margins house scent glands formed of a secretory epidermis with secretory trichomes and secretory subepidermal cells. The odor is composed of neutral polysaccharides, nitrogenous substances and essential oils. An extensive nectariferous region is found on the inner surface of the hypanthial tube. The nectar is translucent, viscous and released through large pores. The comparison of our data with that of other genistoid flowers enabled discussions about the pollination and systematics of the group.

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Acknowledgements

Research supported by CNPq (process numbers 421121/2016-5 and 154529/2016-8 and 302806/2019-9), CAPES (finance code 001) and FAPERJ (process number E-26/010.100998/2018). We are grateful to Rodrigo Ferreira Silva (FFCLRPUSP), Maria Dolores Seabra Ferreira, José Augusto Maulin (FMRPUSP), Edimárcio da Silva Campos (FCFRP/USP), and João Paulo Basso-Alves (JBRJ) for technical assistance, Bruno Garcia Simões Favaretto for the drawings composing Fig. 1 and to Dewey Litwiller (University of Saskatchewan) and Elettra Greene for revision of the English text, Dr Louis Ronse De Craene and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil

    Viviane Gonçalves Leite, Simone Pádua Teixeira & Fernanda Godoy

  2. Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Viviane Gonçalves Leite & Vidal Freitas Mansano

  3. Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Professor Paulo Rocco s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A segundo andar sala 06, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941902, Brazil

    Juliana Villela Paulino

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  1. Viviane Gonçalves Leite
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VGL, VFM, FG and JVP performed the experiments and analyzed the data. SPT and VFM conceived and designed the experiments. All authors wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Simone Pádua Teixeira.

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Leite, V.G., Teixeira, S.P., Godoy, F. et al. Resolving the non‐papilionaceous flower of Camoensia scandens, a papilionoid legume of the core genistoid clade: development, glands and insights into the pollination and systematics of the group. J Plant Res 134, 823–839 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01293-5

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