Abstract
Heavy metals are occurring in the aquatic environment as the result of natural or anthropogenic inputs, and depending on concentration, availability and resilience time, they can differently affect the animal wellness. Numerous studies reveal that more than 99% of metals in seawater are complexed with organic ligands suggesting the major role of organic complexation on metal behavior. Moreover, the amphilic character of marine natural organic matter makes this substance a relevant medium for interactions with charged and uncharged metal molecules. Here we review mechanisms and factors that control marine organic matter composition and its interactions with metals. Organic matter–metal complexes modify metal bioavailability and, in turn, change effects on living organisms.
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Abbreviations
- ASV :
-
Anodic stripping voltammetry
- BLM :
-
Biotic ligand model
- CLE-CSV :
-
Competitive ligand exchange–cathodic stripping voltammetry
- DOC :
-
Dissolved organic carbon
- DOM :
-
Dissolved organic matter
- FIAM :
-
Free Ion Activity Model
- HSAB :
-
Hard and soft acids and bases
- MLR :
-
Multi-linear regression
- NOM :
-
Natural organic matter
- POM :
-
Particulate organic matter
- SSC :
-
Site-specific criteria
- WHAM :
-
Windermere humic aqueous model
- WER :
-
Water effect ratio
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Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to Maria Cocurullo, PhD student of the SZN-Open University (UK), for graphic creation of the Figure 2. Special thanks to Prof. Francesco Regoli for critical reading of the manuscript. Contract grant sponsor: CLV was supported by a PhD fellowship co-founded by Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn and Marche Polytechnic University.
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Pontoni, L., La Vecchia, C., Boguta, P. et al. Natural organic matter controls metal speciation and toxicity for marine organisms: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20, 797–812 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01310-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01310-y