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Current classification of Ralstonia solanacearum and genetic diversity of the strains in Japan

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Abstract

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal organism of bacterial wilt of more than 200 species representing 50 families of plants in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in the world. Traditionally classified into five races based on differences in host range, R. solanacearum has also been grouped into six biovars on the basis of biochemical properties. With recent developments in molecular biology, various DNA-based analyses have been introduced and used to confirm that this binary system does not completely represent the diversity within R. solanacearum strains. Therefore, a new hierarchical classification scheme has been suggested, which defines R. solanacearum as a species complex and reorganized the concept of the species as a monophyletic cluster according to a phylogenetic analysis based on genomic sequence data. Here we discuss the current bacterial wilt situation and genetic relationships based on the recent classification system of Japanese R. solanacearum strains as well as worldwide strains. We also review the genetic, biochemical, and pathological characteristics of R. solanacearum strains, in particular, those affecting potato and Zingiberaceae plants as distinctly important pathogens in relation to continuously problematic and recent emergent diseases in Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan

    Mitsuo Horita & Daisuke Kurose

  2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Kenichi Tsuchiya & Naruto Furuya

  3. Nagasaki Pest Control Station, Isahaya, Nagasaki, 854-0062, Japan

    Yasuhiro Suga

  4. Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-0023, Japan

    Kazutaka Yano

  5. Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0002, Japan

    Takamitsu Waki

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  1. Mitsuo Horita
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  2. Kenichi Tsuchiya
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  3. Yasuhiro Suga
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  4. Kazutaka Yano
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  7. Naruto Furuya
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Correspondence to Kenichi Tsuchiya.

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M. Horita and K. Tsuchiya have contributed equally to preparation of the manuscript.

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10327_2014_537_MOESM1_ESM.ppt

Distribution and presumable invasion routes of bacterial wilt pathogen of Zingiberaceae plants in Japan. Yellow and blue arrowheads indicate presumable invasion routes of the pathogen representing DNA type I (yellow circle) and type II (blue circle) fingerprints for strains suggested to originate from Thailand and China, respectively (Tsuchiya 2008; Tsuchiya et al. 2005). These strains were first disseminated to Kochi Prefecture through latently infected seed rhizomes, and the first outbreak of the disease occurred in a curcuma field in 1995 (type I) and subsequently in a ginger field in 1997 (type II). Thereafter, the disease has been found continuously in several prefectures since 2005. The yellow dotted arrowheads indicate suspected routes of spread. The number in parentheses near the prefecture name indicates the year when the disease was first found there. (PPT 176 kb)

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Horita, M., Tsuchiya, K., Suga, Y. et al. Current classification of Ralstonia solanacearum and genetic diversity of the strains in Japan. J Gen Plant Pathol 80, 455–465 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-014-0537-z

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