Time budget and foraging strategies of two provisioned groups of tufted capuchin monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus, in a small, seasonal urban forest fragment

Abstract

Studies of urban monkeys provide important insights into the behavioral flexibility of primate species. We studied two provisioned groups of capuchin monkeys that inhabit a small forest fragment in the city of Goiânia, Brazil. One of the groups was dominant and had priority of access to both native and provisioned resources. Anthropic resources were available in two relatively small areas within this forest, but varied in their quality. We hypothesized that intergroup dominance and the seasonality of native resources would have different impacts on the foraging strategies and use of space by the two study groups. Data on the location of the members of the two groups, their behavior, and consumption of different food items were collected during five dry season and five rainy season months. The members of the dominant group spent more time in the provisioned area where anthropic food was less costly to obtain and consumed more provisioned fruit and vegetables than the members of the subordinate group. The differences between groups were exacerbated during the dry season, when sources of native fruit were less abundant. The results of the present study illustrate how capuchins may respond to the variation in proximate factors, such as intergroup dominance and seasonality. These factors were determinants to the variation in the diet and the use of space observed between the two study groups.