Abstract
The universal phenomena of global warming caused by climate change have direct linkage with different hydro-meteorological variables which in turn affect the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Therefore, this study evaluated the seasonal and spatial changes in reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) during last 4.7 decades and identified the forcing mechanism behind the seasonal changes in ETo using a stepwise regression equation. To remove the effect of serial correlation, the modified Mann–Kendall test was adopted together with Sen's slope and linear regression method to identify and compare the spatial and temporal trends between Thornthwaite, Hargreaves and FAO Penman–Monteith (FAO-PM) methods. Results indicate that the annual average ETo value is higher along the south and east coastal areas and lower along the northwest side of South Korea. The highest number of stations with significant increasing trends was detected in Thornthwaite and significant decreasing trend in FAO-PM method. Spatial and temporal correlation analysis showed the existence of strong correlation between Hargreaves and FAO-PM methods with the Pearson r value ranging from 0.84 to 0.98 and R2 of 0.8. Wind speed is found to be the most influencing climatic variable, especially in autumn, early winter and early summer, and maximum temperature during spring and late summer.
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Hwang, J.H., Azam, M., Jin, M.S. et al. Spatiotemporal trends in reference evapotranspiration over South Korea. Paddy Water Environ 18, 235–259 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-019-00777-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-019-00777-4