Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous pest of fruit and vegetable crops. Kiwifruit is an economically important fruit, and occasional outbreaks of BMSB have been reported in kiwifruit orchards in China, Italy, and Greece. However, information on the types of damage and damage levels on fruit that BMSB can cause during the growing season are currently lacking. To address this, we conducted field experiments using exclusion cages to investigate feeding damage caused by BMSB to three kiwifruit cultivars [Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ (green), A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Nongdajinmi’ (yellow), and A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Xuxiang’ (green)]. We also investigated damage levels at different insect and kiwifruit densities on ‘Hayward’. Results indicate both nymphs and adults caused green and white damage spots under the skin of kiwifruit. Green and white spots were found mixed or singly in all three cultivars. The proportion of each type of damage spot varied with the fruit development stage and the cultivar. The incidence of fruit damage was not significantly different among the cultivars (‘Hayward’ 76.9%, ‘Xuxiang’ 82.5%, ‘Nongdajinmi’ 73.5%); however, lower intensity of fruit damage was observed on ‘Nongdajinmi’. The incidence of fruit damage in ‘Hayward’ did not differ significantly among different insect/fruit densities, while intensity of fruit damage increased with increasing ratio of insects to fruit. The intensity of fruit damage significantly increased when four or more insects were introduced to cages when compared with two. These results provide key information on the characteristics of BMSB damage in kiwifruit.
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Acknowledgements
This research was partially funded by Zespri Group Limited (No. 35744/BS1913) and China’s donation to the CABI Development Fund. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi Province, China, provided access to their experimental kiwifruit orchard to conduct the trials. CABI is an international intergovernmental organization, and we gratefully acknowledge the core financial support from our member countries (and lead agencies) including the United Kingdom (Department for International Development), China (Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Australia (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research), Canada (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada), Netherlands (Directorate-General for International Cooperation), and Switzerland (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation). See https://www.cabi.org/about-cabi/whowe-work-with/key-donors/ for full details.
Funding
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China; Zespri Group Limited (No. 35744/BS1913).
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JPZ, JHC, FZ, GA, MS, and SSS conceived and designed the experiments. JHC, FZ, GA, MS, QQM, and JPZ conducted experiments. LG, JPZ, GA, and JHC analyzed data. All authors contributed to writing and editing of the manuscript.
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Chen, JH., Avila, G.A., Zhang, F. et al. Field cage assessment of feeding damage by Halyomorpha halys on kiwifruit orchards in China. J Pest Sci 93, 953–963 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01216-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01216-8