Abstract
There is a remarkable diversity among sorghum species; hence it requires a powerful marker system for genome characterisation. RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) is a very favourable technique used to distinguish the sorghum genotypes due to its clarity and speed. We observed genetic diversity among 30 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes using RAPD markers. Sixteen RAPD markers produced a total of 148 bands with a mean of 9.25 fragments per loci. Out of the 148, 132 bands showed polymorphism (89.19%), and 16 bands showed monomorphism (10.81%). PIC (polymorphism information content) values were varying from 0.2035 to 0.3438 with a mean of 0.2792. Genetic distance was ranged from 0.013 (for genotype 4 and 8) to 0.807 (for genotype 10 and 27). Cluster analysis exhibited that dendrogram consists of four major groups. Results represent that genotype 1, 3, 5, 15, 6, 11, 4, 8, 26, 29, 20, 24, 14, 25, 19, 23, 2 and 13 were closely related to each other, and genotype 10 was the most diverse genotype among all the studied genotypes by making an independent cluster. The first two factors of principal component analysis (PCA) PC1 (15.06) and PC2 (10.98) had the highest contribution in variability as 10.18 and 7.42%, respectively. Thus, sorghum genotypes can be isolated from each other at the molecular level by using molecular markers.
Zusammenfassung
Es gibt eine bemerkenswerte Vielfalt unter den Sorghum-Arten. Daher ist ein leistungsfähiges Markersystem für die Charakterisierung des Genoms erforderlich. Die RAPD-Technik (RAPD: randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) ist aufgrund ihrer Eindeutigkeit und Schnelligkeit eine sehr günstige Methode, um die Sorghum-Genotypen zu unterscheiden. Wir analysierten die genetische Diversität von 30 Sorghum-Genotypen (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) unter Verwendung von RAPD-Markern. 16 RAPD-Marker erzeugten insgesamt 148 Banden mit einem Mittelwert von 9,25 Fragmenten pro Loci. Von den 148 zeigten 132 Banden Polymorphismus (89,19 %) und 16 Banden Monomorphismus (10,81 %). Die PIC-Werte (PIC: polymorphism information content) variierten von 0,2035 bis 0,3438, mit einem Mittelwert von 0,2792. Der genetische Abstand lag zwischen 0,013 (für Genotyp 4 und 8) und 0,807 (für Genotyp 10 und 27). Die Clusteranalyse zeigte, dass das Dendrogramm aus vier Hauptgruppen besteht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Genotypen 1, 3, 5, 15, 6, 11, 4, 8, 26, 29, 20, 24, 14, 25, 19, 23, 2 und 13 eng miteinander verwandt waren. Genotyp 10 unterschied sich am meisten von allen anderen untersuchten Genotypen; er bildet ein unabhängiges Cluster. Die ersten beiden Faktoren der Hauptkomponentenanalyse (principal component analysis, PCA) PC1 (15.06) und PC2 (10.98) hatten mit 10,18 % bzw. 7,42 % den höchsten Beitrag zur Varianz. Somit können Sorghum-Genotypen auf molekularer Ebene unter Verwendung molekularer Marker voneinander isoliert werden.
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The authors are grateful to all members of the Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan for their support and motivation to conduct this study.
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A. Raza, F. Ashraf, S.S. Mehmood and R.S.A. Khan declare that they have no competing interests.
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Raza, A., Ashraf, F., Mehmood, S.S. et al. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity Among Exotic Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes Through Molecular Based Analysis (RAPD-PCR). Gesunde Pflanzen 71, 187–196 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00464-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00464-8