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Seed Bio-priming to Improve Germination, Seedling Growth and Essential Oil Yield of Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss, an Endangered Medicinal Plant in Iran

Bio-Priming von Saatgut zur Verbesserung von Keimung, Keimlingwachstum und Ertrag an ätherischen Ölen von Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, einer gefährdeten Arzneipflanze im Iran

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Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20 min seed soaking in Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus polymixa suspension culture on seed germination, seedling growth and essential oil yield of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Up to day 13, 20 min of B. polymixa suspension culture soaking seeds had shown germination more than 20%, whereas control seeds did not begin germination until day 13. The highest germination rate (1.67) was observed with 20 min of B. polymixa suspension culture soaking seeds. B. polymixa improved seedling length and vigour index more than those of A. chroococcum suspension culture soaking seeds. The highest fresh (81.06 g) and dry weight (11.76 g), relative leaf chlorophyll content (42.24) and Fv/Fm ratio (0.66) of emerging D. Kotschyi seedlings were recorded with seed bio-priming with B. polymixa for 20 min. The main components affected by B. polymixa and A. chroococcum were limonene, α‑pinene, γ‑terpinene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D and terpinen-4-ol. The highest percentage of essential oil constituents (97.6%) of D. Kotschyi seedlings were observed with 20 min of B. polymixa suspension culture soaking seeds. The results indicated that seed bio-priming with B. polymixa for 20 min was more effective than the other treatments concerning seed germination, seedling growth and essential oil yield of D. Kotschyi.

Zusammenfassung

Die Studie wurde durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen eines 10- und 20-minütigen Einweichens von Dracocephalum-kotschyi-Boiss-Saatgut in einer Azotobacter-chroococcum- und Bacillus-polymixa-Suspensionskultur auf die Samenkeimung, das Keimlingswachstum und die Ausbeute an ätherischem Öl zu bewerten. Bis zum Tag 13 hatten die Samen, die 20 min in der B.-polymixa-Suspensionskultur eingeweicht worden waren, eine Keimung von mehr als 20 % gezeigt, während Kontrollsamen erst am Tag 13 mit der Keimung begannen. Die höchste Keimungsrate (1,67) wurde beim 20-minütigen Einweichen in der B.-polymixa-Suspensionskultur beobachtet. Das Einweichen in einer B.-polymixa-Suspensionskultur hatte einen positiveren Einfluss auf die Keimlingslänge und den Vitalitätsindex als das Einweichen in einer A.-chroococcum-Suspensionskultur. Die höchsten Werte für das Frisch- (81,06g) und Trockengewicht (11,76 g), den relativen Blattchlorophyllgehalt (42,24) und das Fv/Fm-Verhältnis (0,66) der D.-Kotschyi-Sämlinge wurden mit Saatgut-Bio-Priming mit B. polymixa für 20 min erreicht. Die von der Behandlung mit B. polymixa und A. chroococcum betroffenen Hauptkomponenten waren Limonen, α‑Pinen, γ‑Terpinen, Caryophyllenoxid, Germacren D und Terpinen-4-ol. Der höchste Anteil an ätherischen Ölbestandteilen (97,6 %) von D.-Kotschyi-Keimlingen wurde beim 20-minütigen Einweichen in der B.-polymixa-Suspensionskultur beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Saatgutvorbereitung mit B. polymixa für 20 min bezüglich Saatgutkeimung, Keimlingswachstum und ätherischer Ölausbeute von D. Kotschyi wirksamer war als die anderen Behandlungen.

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Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. However, we would like to thank the College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology for the support to conduct this study and the colleagues who helped us during the experimental work.

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  1. Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, IUT Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Siamak Shirani Bidabadi & Mohammad Mehralian

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  1. Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
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Correspondence to Siamak Shirani Bidabadi.

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S.S. Bidabadi and M. Mehralian declare that they have no competing interests.

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Bidabadi, S.S., Mehralian, M. Seed Bio-priming to Improve Germination, Seedling Growth and Essential Oil Yield of Dracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss, an Endangered Medicinal Plant in Iran. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 17–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00478-2

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