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A Conjoint Analysis of the Acceptability of Targeted Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Among Persons Living with HIV in the U.S.

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Abstract

With long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy likely to be a treatment option for people living with HIV (PLWH), it is critical to assess its acceptability among potential end-users. Based on formative qualitative work and our own ongoing development of targeted long-acting products in nanosuspension formulations, we created eight hypothetical medication scenarios varying along six dichotomous attributes: administration location (home versus [vs.] clinic), dosing frequency (every 2 weeks vs. 1 week), injections per dose (one vs. two), injection pain (mild vs. moderate), injection site reaction (mild vs. moderate), and effectiveness (better vs. same as pills). PLWH from three outpatient care clinics in Seattle, WA and Riverside, CA rated acceptability (i.e., willingness to try each hypothetical medication) from 0 (very unlikely) to 100 (very likely). In conjoint analyses, we examined level and correlates of acceptability, the impact of each attribute on overall acceptability, and moderators of this effect. Participants (median age 52 years; 71% male, 34% White, 36% Black/African American, 20% Hispanic) rated acceptability of the 8 scenarios from 47.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 37.0) to 68.8 (SD = 34.1), with effectiveness (impact score = 7.3, SD = 18.7, p = 0.005) and dosing frequency (impact score = 5.7, SD = 19.6, p = 0.034) the only attributes with a significant impact on acceptability. There were no statistically significant differences in overall acceptability according to any participant socio-demographic or other characteristic; however, gender, education, employment status, and experience with and hatred/avoidance of injections moderated some effects. Overall acceptability for targeted long-acting antiretroviral treatment as proposed was modest, with superior effectiveness and lower dosing frequency most impactful on acceptability. Future acceptability research should continue to evaluate specific products in development with a full range of conjoint analytic and other techniques.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the participation of clinic patients as well as the assistance with recruitment from the clinic staff. This research was supported by NIH Grants AI120176 and AI027757. SMG was supported by the Robert W. Anderson Endowed Professorship in Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 3909 Stevens Way NE, Campus Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195-1525, USA

    Jane M. Simoni

  2. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Jane M. Simoni, Kenneth Tapia, Susan M. Graham, Kristin Beima-Sofie & Zahra H. Mohamed

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Sung-Jae Lee & Joan Christodoulou

  4. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Susan M. Graham & Ann C. Collier

  5. Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Rodney Ho

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  1. Jane M. Simoni
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Correspondence to Jane M. Simoni.

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Simoni, J.M., Tapia, K., Lee, SJ. et al. A Conjoint Analysis of the Acceptability of Targeted Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Among Persons Living with HIV in the U.S.. AIDS Behav 24, 1226–1236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02701-7

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