Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Correlation-based reconfigurable blind calibration for timing mismatches in TI-ADCs

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mismatches between sub-channels limit the dynamic performance of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TI-ADCs). This paper proposes a correlation-based method of calibration for timing mismatches in M-channel TI-ADCs by using the cross-correlation between sub-channels of the output signals to estimate the temporal deviations. The output signal is calibrated by reducing the arbitrary order distortion, which is approximated by multiplying the distortions with the estimated coefficients of mismatch. Furthermore, a reconfigurable strategy composed of stages of arbitrary calibration is proposed to achieve suitable stages with the requisite dynamic performance. Finally, the calibration performance of the proposed method is verified through simulations that use different input signals and strengths of mismatch.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Black, W. C., & Hodges, D. A. (1980). Time interleaved converter arrays. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 15(6), 1022–1029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Razavi, B. (2013). Design considerations for interleaved adcs. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 48(8), 1806–1817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Johansson, H., & Lowenborg, P. (2002). Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals by means of digital fractional delay filters. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 50(11), 2757–2767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Khan, S. R., Hashmi, A. A., & Choi, G. (2017). A fully digital background calibration technique for m-channel time-interleaved adcs. Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, 36(8), 3303–3319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mafi, H., Yargholi, M., & Yavari, M. (2017). Digital blind background calibration of imperfections in time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 64(6), 1504–1512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li, X., Huang, C., Ding, D., & Wu, J. (2019). A review on calibration methods of timing-skew in time-interleaved adcs. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers.

  7. Tsai, T., Hurst, P. J., & Lewis, S. H. (2006). Bandwidth mismatch and its correction in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Transaction of Circuits Systems II, 53(10), 1133–1137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jin, H., & Edward, L. (2000). A digital-background calibration technique for minimizing timing-error effects in time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 47(7), 603–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li, J., Wu, S., Liu, Y., Ning, N., & Yu, Q. (2014). A digital timing mismatch calibration technique in time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 42(7), 486–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yin, M., & Ye, Z. (2020). First order statistic based fast blind calibration of time skews for time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 67(1), 162–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Le Duc, H., Nguyen, D. M., Jabbour, C., Desgreys, P., Jamin, O., & Nguyen, V. T. (2017). Fully digital feedforward background calibration of clock skews for sub-sampling tiadcs using the polyphase decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 64(6), 1515–1528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, Y., Johansson, H., Xu, H., & Sun, Z. (2015). Joint blind calibration for mixed mismatches in two-channel time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 62(6), 1508–1517.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, Y., Johansson, H., & Xu, H. (2015). Adaptive background estimation for static nonlinearity mismatches in two-channel tiadcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 62(3), 226–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, X., Xu, H., Johansson, H., Wang, Y., & Li, N. (2020). Correlation-based calibration for nonlinearity mismatches in dual-channel tiadcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 67(3), 585–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Poulton, K., Corcoran, J. J., & Hornak, T. (1987). A 1-ghz 6-bit adc system. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 22(6), 962–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Xu, B., & Chiu, Y. (2015). Comprehensive background calibration of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 62(5), 1306–1314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang, S., & Levy, B. C. (2016). Adaptive blind calibration of timing offset and gain mismatch for two-channel time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 53(5), 1278–1288.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tertinek, S., & Vogel, C. (2007). Reconstruction of two-periodic nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals using a discrete-time differentiator and a time-varying multiplier. IEEE Transaction on Circuits System II, 54(7), 616–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, X., Xu, H., Wang, Y., Dai, Y., Li, N., & Liu, G. (2019). Calibration for sample-and-hold mismatches in m-channel tiadcs based on statistics. Applied Sciences-Basel,9(198).

  20. Rabiner, L. R., & Gold, B. (1975). Theory and application of digital signal processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jamal, S. M., Fu, D., Chang, N. C., Hurst, P. J., & Lewis, S. H. (2002). A 10-b 120-msample/s time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter with digital background calibration. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 37(12), 1618–1627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Seo, M., Rodwell, M. J. W., & Madhow, U. (2006). A low computation adaptive blind mismatch correction for time-interleaved adcs. In 2006 49th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Vol. 1, pp. 292–296).

  23. Yu, B., Chen, C., Ye, F., & Ren, J. (2013). A mixed sample-time error calibration technique in time-interleaved adcs. IEICE Electronics Express, 10(24), 130–882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Elbornsson, J., Gustafsson, F., & Eklund, J. (2004). Blind adaptive equalization of mismatch errors in a time-interleaved a/d converter system. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 51(1), 151–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Haftbaradaran, A., & Martin, K. W. (2008). A background sample-time error calibration technique using random data for wide-band high-resolution time-interleaved adcs. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 51(1), 151–158.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gardner, W., & Spooner, C. (1994). The cumulant theory of cyclostationary time-series. I. Foundation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 61(12), 3387–3408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kay, S. M. (1998). Fundamentals of statistical signal processing. London: Prentice-Hall PTR.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tertinek, S., & Vogel, C. (2008). Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals using a differentiator-multiplier cascade. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 55(8), 2273–2286.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Balestrieri, E., Daponte, P., & Rapuano, S. (2004). A state of the art on adc error compensation methods (Vol. 1, pp. 711–716).

  30. Lundin, H., Skoglund, M., & Handel, P. (2004). A criterion for optimizing bit-reduced post-correction of ad converters. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 53(4), 1159–1166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Crochiere, R. E., & Rabiner, L. R. (1983). Multirate Digital Signal Processing. New York: Prentice Hall.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. Bellanger, M. G. (1984). Digital Processing of Signals. New York: Wiley.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China

    Chengxuan Zhao, Jietao Diao, Hui Xu & Yinan Wang

Authors
  1. Chengxuan Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jietao Diao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yinan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yinan Wang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61701509) and the Science and Technology on Analog Integrated Circuit Laboratory (No. JCKY2019210C027).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, C., Diao, J., Xu, H. et al. Correlation-based reconfigurable blind calibration for timing mismatches in TI-ADCs. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 107, 29–38 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01788-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01788-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation