Abstract
Two gamma-radiation-resistant bacterial strains, designated C1T and C2, were isolated from a soil sample collected at Jeongeup-Si, South Korea. These strains were observed to be Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, and to form pink colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains belong to the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. Strains C1T and C2 have the highest sequence similarities with Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (97.56 %) and Deinococcus grandis DSM 39663T (97.50 %). Like other members of the genus Deinococcus, the novel isolates showed resistance to gamma-radiation with a D10 value in excess of 8 kGy. The isolates were found to have menaquinone MK-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid as major polar lipid. In addition, the most abundant fatty acids of strain C1T were identified as C15:1 ω6c (25.5 %), C16:1 ω7c (18.7 %) and C15:0 (9.7 %). Genomic analysis results showed that the DNA G+C contents of strain C1T and C2 are 68.59 and 68.57 %, respectively. Taken together, the polyphasic taxonomic data support the proposal that the isolates C1T and C2 represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus radiotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is a strain C1T (=KCTC 33150T = JCM 19173T).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brooks BW, Murray RGE (1981) Nomenclature for “Micrococcus radiodurans” and other radiation-resistant cocci: Deinococcaceae fam. nov. and Deinococcus gen. nov., including five species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 31:353–360
Buck JD (1982) Nonstaining (KOH) method for determination of Gram reactions of marine bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 44:992–993
Collins MD, Jones D (1981) Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implication. Microbiol Rev 45:316–354
DE Minnikin, O’Donnella AG, Goodfellowb M, Aldersonb G, Athalyeb M, Schaala A, Parlett JH (1984) An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2:233–241
Ezaki T, Hashimoto Y, Yabuuchi E (1989) Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 39:224–229
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
Fitch WM (1971) Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specified tree topology. Syst Zool 20:406–416
Hiraishi A, Ueda Y, Ishihara J, Mori T (1996) Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection. J Gen Appl Microbiol 42:457–469
Hirsch P, Gallikowski CA, Siebert J, Peissl K, Kroppenstedt R, Schumann P, Stackebrandt E, Anderson R (2004) Deinococcus frigens sp. nov., Deinococcus saxicola sp. nov., and Deinococcus marmoris sp. nov., low temperature and draught-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from continental Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 27:636–645
Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Kim M, Na H, Park SC, Jeon YS, Lee JH, Yi H, Won S, Chun J (2012) Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:716–721
Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120
Komagata K, Suzuki KI (1987) Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol 19:161–205
Kuykendall LD, Roy MA, O’Neill JJ, Devine TE (1988) Fatty acids, antibiotic resistance and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 38:358–361
Rainey FA, Nobre MF, Schumann P, Stackebrandt E, da Costa MS (1997) Phylogenetic diversity of the deinococci as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparison. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 47:510–514
Rainey FA, Ray K, Ferreira M, Gatz BZ, Nobre MF, Bagaley D, Rash BA, Park MJ, Earl AM, Shank NC, Small AM, Henk MC, Battista JR, Kampfer P, da Costa MS (2005) Extensive diversity of ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria recovered from Sonoran Desert soil and description of nine new species of the genus Deinococcus obtained from a single soil sample. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:5225–5235
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Srinivasan S, Kim MK, Lim S, Joe M, Lee M (2012a) Deinococcus daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from sludge in a sewage disposal plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:1265–1270
Srinivasan S, Lee JJ, Lim S, Joe M, Kim MK (2012b) Deinococcus humi sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:2844–2850
Stackebrandt E, Goebel BM (1994) Taxonomic note: a place for DNA–DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 44:846–849
Tamaoka J, Komagata K (1984) Determination of DNA base composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 25:125–128
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Wayne LG, Brenner DJ, Colwell RR, Grimont PAD, Kandler O, Krichevsky MI, Moore LH, Moore WEC, Murray RGE, Stackebrandt E, Starr MP, Trüper HG (1987) International committee on systematic bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 37:463–464
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697–703
White O, Eisen JA, Heidelberg JF, Hickey EK, Peterson JD, Dodson RJ, Haft DH, Gwinn ML, Nelson WC, Richardson DL, Moffat KS, Qin H, Jiang L, Pamphile W, Crosby M, Shen M, Vamathevan JJ, Lam P, McDonald L, Utterback T, Zalewski C, Makarova KS, Aravind L, Daly MJ, Minton KW, Fleischmann RD, Ketchum KA, Nelson KE, Salzberg S, Smith HO, Venter JC, Fraser CM (1999) Genome sequence of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1. Science 286:1571–1577
Yoo SH, Weon HY, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim BY, Kwon SW (2010) Deinococcus aerolatus sp. nov. and Deinococcus aerophilus sp. nov., isolated from air samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1191–1195
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a special research grant from Seoul Women’s University (2014). We are grateful to Dr. Jean Euzéby for help with etymology, and to Dr. Sang-Yong Lim and Mr. Min-Ho Joe in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute for their help with gamma-radiation resistance testing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cha, S., Srinivasan, S., Seo, T. et al. Deinococcus radiotolerans sp. nov., a gamma-radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from gamma ray-irradiated soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 105, 229–235 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-0069-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-0069-0