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Non-target effects of the exotic generalist parasitoid wasp Fopius arisanus (Sonan) estimated via competition assays against Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) on both native and exotic fruit fly hosts

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Abstract

Biological control by the generalist egg parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been proposed against Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Brazil. This study assessed possible effects of F. arisanus on native parasitoids by focusing on competition with the native wasp Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two hosts, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a native tephritid, and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), an introduced pest tephritid. Laboratory and greenhouse cage studies showed that F. arisanus parasitized < 3% of the native host in competition or alone compared to 41–65% for C. capitata, while D. areolatus parasitized 12–42% of the native host and < 4% on C. capitata. The host origin of F. arisanus did not affect subsequent parasitism rates on native or exotic hosts. However, when reared on C. capitata, F. arisanus had higher parasitism on C. capitata than on A. fraterculus. Lab and greenhouse competition studies showed that F. arisanus had no measurable detrimental effect on the native parasitoid in either the native or introduced host, suggesting that F. arisanus interfered minimally with the native parasitoid. Based on these results and other relevant studies showing non-preference of F. arisanus for the native fruit fly species, as well as the non-preference of native parasitoids for exotic fruit flies, we infer that the release of F. arisanus against exotic tephritids such as C. capitata and B. carambolae in Brazil would not cause major disruption of the native populations of A. fraterculus parasitoids.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Eric Jang (USDA-ARS, Hilo, Hawaii USA) for graciously sending us five shipments of Ceratitis capitata pupae parasitized by Fopius arisanus, between 29 August 2012 and 24 June 2013 under material transfer agreement LQC Nº 014/2012. We wish to thank David Andow for English reviewing, and suggestions in the manuscript, Maria de Lourdes Z. da Costa for providing laboratory cages for the first experiment, and Roberto A. A. Pereira and Martin Z. Groth who helped us with the lab and greenhouse experiments. We would like to thank the financial support of FACEPE, process APQ-0012-5.01/15. Opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity employer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Semiarid Agriculture, Petrolina, PE, Brazil

    Beatriz A. G. Paranhos

  2. Federal Institute Farroupilha, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil

    Sonia Poncio

  3. ProInsecta R&D, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Renata Morelli

  4. Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

    Dori E. Nava

  5. “Costa Lima” Quarantine Laboratory, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil

    Luiz A. N. de Sá

  6. USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA

    Nicholas C. Manoukis

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  1. Beatriz A. G. Paranhos
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Correspondence to Beatriz A. G. Paranhos.

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Paranhos, B.A.G., Poncio, S., Morelli, R. et al. Non-target effects of the exotic generalist parasitoid wasp Fopius arisanus (Sonan) estimated via competition assays against Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti) on both native and exotic fruit fly hosts. BioControl 66, 83–96 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-10057-4

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