Abstract
We assessed the relative importance of human activity and environmental suitability as drivers of compositional dissimilarity of alien birds for 65 of the most populous cities of the Iberian Peninsula. We examined how these drivers relate to Zeta diversity (ζ) for alien Passeriformes and Psittaciformes. We performed the analysis using multiple orders of ζ, which provides insight on the role played by rare and common species in determining levels of dissimilarity. We also ran the analyses using the community of native Passeriformes as a phylogenetically close contrasting control. Our results showed that the proportion of urban area, a variable related to colonization and propagule pressure, had a strong influence on Psittaciformes but not on alien Passeriformes. This latter group showed to be primarily influenced by environmental factors, similarly to what was found for native Passeriformes. On other hand, human connectivity, as measured by distance through roads and railways seemed to play a significant role in shaping the compositional dissimilarity of alien Passeriformes, but not Psittaciformes. Regardless of the group analysed, the relative importance of the explanatory variables was similar for both rare and common species. Our findings highlight differences between the factors driving compositional dissimilarity for distinct groups of birds. While the emerging biogeography of Psittaciformes is mainly a reflection of distinctiveness in urban areas, alien Passeriformes are more strongly affected by the natural environment and thus their biogeography may increasingly resemble the one of their native counterparts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abellán P, Carrete M, Anadón JD, Cardador L, Tella JL (2016) Non-random patterns and temporal trends (1912–2012) in the transport, introduction and establishment of exotic birds in Spain and Portugal. Divers Distrib 22:263–273
Abellán P, Tella JL, Carrete M, Cardador L, Anadón JD. 2017. Climate matching drives spread rate but not establishment success in recent unintentional bird introductions. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 201704815
Arnold GW, Weeldenburg JR (1990) Factors determining the number and species of birds in road verges in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. Biol Conserv 53:295–315
Ascensão F, Capinha C (2017) Aliens on the move: transportation networks and non-native species. In: Borda-de-Água L, Barrientos R, Beja P, Pereira HM (eds) Railway ecology. Springer, Berlin, pp 65–80
Baselga A (2010) Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity: partitioning beta diversity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:134–143
Baselga A (2013) Multiple site dissimilarity quantifies compositional heterogeneity among several sites, while average pairwise dissimilarity may be misleading. Ecography 36:124–128
Baselga A, Jimenez-Valverde A, Niccolini G (2007) A multiple-site similarity measure independent of richness. Biol Lett 3:642–645
Bellard C, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2016) Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions. Biol Lett 12:20150623
Blackburn TM, Pyšek P, Bacher S, Carlton JT, Duncan RP, Jarošík V, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM (2011) A proposed unified framework for biological invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 26:333–339
Blackburn TM, Dyer E, Su S, Cassey P (2015) Long after the event, or four things we (should) know about bird invasions. J Ornithol 156:15–25
Burnham KP, Anderson DR (eds) (2004) Model selection and multimodel inference. Springer, New York, NY. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/b97636. Accessed 20 May 2019
Capinha C, Essl F, Seebens H, Moser D, Pereira HM (2015) The dispersal of alien species redefines biogeography in the Anthropocene. Science 348:1248–1251
Cardador L, Tella JL, Anadón JD, Abellán P, Carrete M (2019) The European trade ban on wild birds reduced invasion risks. Conserv Lett 12:e12631
Catry P, Costa H, Elias G, Matias R (2010) Aves de Portugal. Ornitologia do território continental. Assírio & Alvim, Lisboa
Clavero M, García-Berthou E (2005) Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions. Trends Ecol 20:110
Correia RA, Haskell WC, Gill JA, Palmeirim JM, Franco AMA (2015) Topography and aridity influence oak woodland bird assemblages in southern Europe. For Ecol Manag 354:97–103
D’Amico M, Rouco C, Russell JC, Román J, Revilla E (2013) Invaders on the road: synanthropic bird foraging along highways. Oecol Aust 17:86–95
Davis AY, Malas N, Minor ES (2014) Substitutable habitats? The biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of an exotic bird’s distribution. Biol Invasions 16:415–427
Dawson W et al (2017) Global hotspots and correlates of alien species richness across taxonomic groups. Nat Ecol Evol 1:0186
Dyer EE, Cassey P, Redding DW, Collen B, Franks V, Gaston KJ, Jones KE, Kark S, Orme CDL, Blackburn TM (2017) The global distribution and drivers of alien bird species richness. PLoS Biol 15:e2000942
Equipa Atlas (2008) Atlas das aves nidificantes em Portugal (1999–2005). Page (Vários, ICNB, Alvim A&, editors). Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e Biodiversidade, Lisboa
Ferrier S, Manion G, Elith J, Richardson K (2007) Using generalized dissimilarity modelling to analyse and predict patterns of beta diversity in regional biodiversity assessment. Divers Distrib 13:252–264
Gaston KJ (2010) Valuing common species. Science 327:154–155
Glen AS, Pech RP, Byrom AE (2013) Connectivity and invasive species management: towards an integrated landscape approach. Biol Invasions 15:2127–2138
Hui C, McGeoch MA (2014) Zeta diversity as a concept and metric that unifies incidence-based biodiversity patterns. The American Naturalist, vol 184. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 684–694
Hui C, Richardson DM (2017) Invasion dynamics. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Hulme PE (2009) Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. J Appl Ecol 46:10–18
IEET (2014) Inventario Español de Especies Terrestres. Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentaci on y Medio Ambiento. http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/bdn-ieet-default.aspx. Accessed 20 Jul 2016
Latombe G, Hui C, McGeoch MA (2015) Beyond the continuum: a multi-dimensional phase space for neutral–niche community assembly. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 282:20152417
Latombe G et al (2017a) A vision for global monitoring of biological invasions. Biol Conserv 213:295–308
Latombe G, Hui C, McGeoch MA (2017b) Multi-site generalised dissimilarity modelling: using zeta diversity to differentiate drivers of turnover in rare and widespread species. Methods Ecol Evol 8:431–442
Latombe G, McGeoch M, Nipperess D, Hui C. 2017c. Zetadiv: functions to compute compositional turnover using zeta diversity. R package version 1.0
Latombe G, Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Kučera T, Hui C. 2018. Drivers of species turnover vary with species commonness for native and alien plants with different residence times. Ecology. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ecy.2528. Accessed 8 Oct 2018
Latombe G, Roura-Pascual N, Hui C (2019) Similar compositional turnover but distinct insular environmental and geographical drivers of native and exotic ants in two oceans. J Biogeogr 46:2299–2310
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn T (2005) The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends Ecol Evol 20:223–228
Lockwood JL, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2009) The more you introduce the more you get: the role of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Divers Distrib 15:904–910
Loureiro A, Ferrand N, Carretero MA, Paulo OS (2008) Atlas dos Anfíbios e Répteis de Portugal. Page (Loureiro A, Ferrand N, Carretero MA, Paulo OS, editors)1a edição. Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e Biodiversidade, Lisboa
Low-Décarie E, Chivers C, Granados M (2014) Rising complexity and falling explanatory power in ecology. Front Ecol Environ 12:412–418
McKinney ML (2006) Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol Conserv 127:247–260
McLean P, Gallien L, Wilson JRU, Gaertner M, Richardson DM (2017) Small urban centres as launching sites for plant invasions in natural areas: insights from South Africa. Biol Invasions 19:3541–3555
Minor ES, Appelt CW, Grabiner S, Ward L, Moreno A, Pruett-Jones S (2012) Distribution of exotic monk parakeets across an urban landscape. Urban Ecosyst 15:979–991
Muirhead JR, Leung B, van Overdijk C, Kelly DW, Nandakumar K, Marchant KR, MacIsaac HJ (2006) Modelling local and long-distance dispersal of invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera) in North America. Divers Distrib 12:71–79
Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GV, Underwood EC, D’amico JA, Itoua I, Strand HE, Morrison JC (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on EarthA new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. Bioscience 51:933–938
QGIS Development team (2018) QGIS geographic information system. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org. QGIS Development Team
Ramsay JO (1988) Monotone regression splines in action. Stat Sci 3:425–441
R-Core-Team. 2017. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Redding DW, Pigot AL, Dyer EE, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kark S, Blackburn TM (2019) Location-level processes drive the establishment of alien bird populations worldwide. Nature 571:103–106
Reino L, Figueira R, Beja P, Araújo MB, Capinha C, Strubbe D (2017) Networks of global bird invasion altered by regional trade ban. Sci Adv 3:e1700783
Salomon Cavin J, Kull CA (2017) Invasion ecology goes to town: from disdain to sympathy. Biol Invasions 19:3471–3487
Schlaepfer MA, Sax DF, Olden JD (2011) The potential conservation value of non-native species: conservation value of non-native species. Conserv Biol 25:428–437
Seebens H et al (2017) No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nat Commun 8:14435
Simberloff D et al (2013) Impacts of biological invasions: what’s what and the way forward. Trends Ecol Evol 28:58–66
Socolar JB, Gilroy JJ, Kunin WE, Edwards DP (2016) How should beta-diversity inform biodiversity conservation? Trends Ecol Evol 31:67–80
Sorte FAL et al (2014) Beta diversity of urban floras among European and non-European cities. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 23:769–779
Spear D, Foxcroft LC, Bezuidenhout H, McGeoch MA (2013) Human population density explains alien species richness in protected areas. Biol Conserv 159:137–147
Suarez AV, Holway DA, Case TJ (2001) Patterns of spread in biological invasions dominated by long-distance jump dispersal: insights from Argentine ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:1095–1100
Tatem AJ, Hay SI, Rogers DJ (2006) Global traffic and disease vector dispersal. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, pp 6242–6247
Tilman D (2004) Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: a stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:10854–10861
Trabucco A, Zomer RJ (2009) Global aridity index (global-aridity) and global potential evapo-transpiration (global-PET) geospatial database. In: CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information. http://www.csi.cgiar.org. Accessed 28 Dec 2018
van Etten J (2017) R Package gdistance: distances and routes on geographical grids. J Stat Softw 76:1–21
Veech JA, Small MF, Baccus JT (2011) The effect of habitat on the range expansion of a native and an introduced bird species. J Biogeogr 38:69–77
Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošík V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Sun Y, Pyšek P (2011) Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 14:702–708
Walther G-R, Roques A, Hulme PE, Sykes MT, Pyšek P, Kühn I, Zobel M, Bacher S, Botta-Dukát Z, Bugmann H (2009) Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities. Trends Ecol Evol 24:686–693
Wilson JRU, Dormontt EE, Prentis PJ, Lowe AJ, Richardson DM (2009) Something in the way you move: dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends Ecol Evol 24:136–144
Winter M, Kühn I, La Sorte FA, Schweiger O, Nentwig W, Klotz S (2010) The role of non-native plants and vertebrates in defining patterns of compositional dissimilarity within and across continents. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:332–342
Yang J, La Sorte FA, Pyšek P, Yan P, Nowak D, Mcbride J (2015) The compositional similarity of urban forests among the world’s cities is scale dependent. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 24:1413–1423
Acknowledgements
FA was funded through a post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, SFRH/BPD/115968/2016). PA is funded by ‘V Plan Propio de Investigación’ of the Universidad de Sevilla (Spain). LC is funded by the H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 fellowship No 752149. CC was funded by National Funds through FCT, I.P., under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract ‘CEECIND/02037/2017’. The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions to an earlier version, which greatly improved the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ascensão, F., Latombe, G., Anadón, J.D. et al. Drivers of compositional dissimilarity for native and alien birds: the relative roles of human activity and environmental suitability. Biol Invasions 22, 1447–1460 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02196-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02196-7